tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-62805189871118279842024-03-08T14:40:14.130-08:00Scholarship application essayEmmahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07720620534852515859noreply@blogger.comBlogger232125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6280518987111827984.post-3963792338326779002020-08-26T18:25:00.001-07:002020-08-26T18:25:03.609-07:00Marketing Plan Topic Essay Example for FreeShowcasing Plan Topic Essay Promoting Plan Topic:Due Week One Complete this frame and submit it to the Week 1 Marketing Plan Dropbox. Your educator must support your thought, and will give you input and proposals on the off chance that you need assistance. You have a few alternatives while picking an item or administration for your showcasing plan. Consider picking another item for another organization (your own) or making another item for a current organization. Maybe you would need to do an item augmentation of a current item. You should seriously mull over an alternate way to deal with advertising a current help. You can target purchasers or organizations. You may pick an item or administration offered by your boss or your own business, or one from another association. Eventually, to augment your learning experience, pick an item or administration wherein you have a premium and about which you might want to see your item or administration go to the commercial center. Ensure there is data accessible about the business and target promoting of the item or administration you pick. Showcasing PLAN TOPIC Your Name: Product or Service Idea: Samsung Galaxy S III Is your item or administration offered by: _x__an existing organization? ___a new organization envisioned for the task? Clarification: Samsung Group is a South Korean based organization that offers wide assortment of electronic items, for example, workstations, TVs, and cell phones. Their most recent cell phone is the Samsung Galaxy S III, an Android stage telephone that is set to contend with the iPhone. Samsung cell phones got a lot of thankfulness in different nations, for example, Asian and European nations wherein it overwhelms the business sectors in the said nations. In any case, here in the United States, is faces extreme consummation over the iPhone from Apple. Who do you believe is the intended interest group? Recall you will require exploration to affirm this. ): Target crowd is any individual who utilizes cell phones particularly youthful grown-ups. Individuals in the working networks are likewise an objective as this telephone offers extraordinary help for business applications. It additionally targets youngsters as it offers wide assortment of utilizations through its foundation, Android. Are comparable or serious items or administrations accessible? Rundown or quickly depict a comparable item or administration: (If your thought has no point of reference in the commercial center, think about another thought). Truly there are comparable items accessible in the market yet have various highlights. This incorporates Motorola line of cell phones, HTC telephones, and itââ¬â¢s greatest contender, Appleââ¬â¢s iPhone. By what method will your item or administration contrast from contenders? What is your unmistakable upper hand? Samsung Galaxy S III varies from its rivals particularly from the iPhone in a manner that itââ¬â¢s applications can be downloaded for nothing from the Android App Store, it has greater screen than the iPhone, it has support for Flash Player, it has 4G availability when contrasted with iPhone 4sââ¬â¢ 3G, and an incredible processor. These distinctions additionally fills in as the items upper hand. Do you have inquiries for your teacher? None. Emmahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07720620534852515859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6280518987111827984.post-88756987317053013162020-08-22T09:06:00.001-07:002020-08-22T09:06:03.780-07:00Global Conflict LikelihoodThe world is changing quickly and the progressions are probably going to prompt a worldwide clash later on. The total populace is expanding at a disturbing rate particularly in the creating scene. The high populace needs more assets to meet their fundamental needs yet the assets are rare. In this way, individuals need to scramble for the rare assets. In the long run clashes emerge as individuals attempt to get a bit of the resources.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Global Conflict Likelihood explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The poor will get into savagery as they attempt to get assets from the rich. The significant levels of neediness will keep on expanding with the social disparity that is pervasive in numerous nations. Similarly as Karl Marx encouraged the proletarians will arrange an uprising and topple the industrialist class. In this way, the probability of future worldwide clash is high. Globalization will likewise prompt clashes later on. The pattern has brought nations closer through exchange, business and correspondence and simultaneously the world is self-destructing. The world has gotten one and with it patriotism is vanishing as individuals become worldwide residents in this way it will be hard to distinguish individuals as per culture or religion. The American culture has spread over the globe quickly through movies and TV programs. The loss of a character will make an issue as certain nations attempt to oppose becoming mixed up in the bigger world and keep up their personality or evade impacts from different nations. This will prompt little wars that will set clans against clans as individuals try to redraw limits in a world that has gotten expanding borderless. In different universes old contentions that existed will be recharged. The conflict of developments will likewise prompt clashes later on. Human advancements are at the most noteworthy sorts of collection and offer things like language, religion an d customs among others. Individuals use civic establishments to characterize personalities and after some time the personalities experience redefinition. Today the world has become a worldwide town because of the improved communications between individuals from various human advancements. Subsequently, the connections have prompted an expansion in progress cognizance. Individuals are increasingly mindful of their human progress similitudes and contrasts. The mindfulness will revive the hostilities that existed between the human advancements previously and each will try to become dominant.Advertising Looking for exposition on universal relations? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Eventually wars may breakout between civic establishments as they battle to keep up their personality and maintain a strategic distance from control by the others. Human advancements that are viewed as a danger will confront antagonistic vibe from the un dermined ones subsequently making enmity rather than harmony and fellowship. The ill will between the west and the Arab world will keep on existing. The explanation behind this is developments call upon individuals and states with comparable points of view to hold hands and work together. An assault on one individual from a human progress is taken as an assault all in all development. For instance Americaââ¬â¢s Iraq occupation has been taken as an assault on the Islam human advancement and that is the reason we have pressure between Arab countries and the west. The way that the western human progress overwhelms the world financially it is looks to control different angles, for example, weapon securing of different nations since it tries to ensure its government assistance. A contention will emerge in light of the fact that the non-western nations feel they reserve a privilege to obtain whichever weapons they regard fit for their security. For example Iran is at loggerheads with t he west for its atomic improvement plan and it has pledged to carry on regardless of the authorizations. In addition, the Arab world has been hesitant to grasp globalization since it has been compared with Americanization. Religion has likewise been utilized to spread contempt against the west and the two civic establishments will struggle later on because of their various belief systems except if something is done to evacuate the hostility between the two by helping them to comprehend each other and perhaps cooperate. At last, the world was more secure a quarter century prior than it is currently because of the fore referenced difficulties confronting the world in the 21st century. A quarter century prior, the total populace was lower yet with the present patterns in fruitfulness, rates particularly in the creating scene are high. The accessible assets can't continue the populace with the test of a worldwide temperature alteration. Moreover, numerous individuals are turning out to be radicalized by some strict affiliations and would not stop for a second to carry out wrongdoings for the sake of religion. Subsequently, with low degrees of wellbeing on the planet today, future worldwide clashes are inevitable.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on Global Conflict Likelihood explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The world security is at a danger today. The danger of psychological oppression stays extraordinary in numerous nations over the world as gatherings try to slaughter or impart dread in others so as to satisfy their ideological or political objectives. For example, a few people have been caught conveying bombs in planes like the Nigerian man on an American plane. In the no so distant past a package conveying a bomb was incepted in Dubai in a plane from Yemen. Osama container Laden despite everything issues dangers and the last one was against Europe. The uncertainty on the planet today is additionally advanced by globalization and progression in innovation. For instance, individuals can hack into security databases making nations defenseless against assaults. Besides, delicate data can be spreads over the world instantly through the World Wide Web. I have discovered that the more things change the more they continue as before. This is on the grounds that before, the world was unreliable and clashes prompted passings of numerous individuals in clashes, for example, the first and second world wars at that point came the period of cold war. Today, the world is interconnected and nations subject to each other in any case, this has not diminished the danger of contentions on the grounds that the nations are as yet fatigued of each other. All the more should be done to guarantee world harmony by tending to the reasons that are probably going to prompt future worldwide clashes. This article on Global Conflict Likelihood was composed and put together by client Clark B. to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here. Emmahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07720620534852515859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6280518987111827984.post-62882034355950240972020-08-21T06:11:00.003-07:002020-08-21T06:11:49.399-07:002012 Early Action Decision Reactions - UGA Undergraduate Admissions2012 Early Action Decision Reactions - UGA Undergraduate Admissions 2012 Early Action Decision Reactions Since Early Action decisions will be going out in the late afternoon on Friday, November 18, here are a few suggestions on how to react to the four different decisions: Admit: Celebrate with family, buy a lot of UGA gear to wear for the Thanksgiving break, but remember that not everyone has received a decision of admission, and so be a little more low key with friends and classmates. In other words, do not run up to you best friend during English class and scream I got into Georgia while 10-15 of your classmates are mentally throwing daggers into your back. In addition, be patient with the other parts of campus (commitment deposit, housing, the UGA myID system, etc.), as they might need a few days to take in your information. You will also receive materials in the mail as far as the next steps to take. Defer: This is the most challenging one, as these are applicants who are truly strong students, but we want to see more about them (as well as the rest of the applicant pool) before making a final decision. Please remember, this is not a denial at all, but instead a way for us to be able to review you in full, from your co-curricular activities, your essays, and your recommendations. As I usually state, defer is not a four letter word (even though you might feel this way), only a delay in an admission decision. This is your chance to let us know what you are like as an overall applicant. While this is probably not the answer you would like, I would suggest you treat it as a call-back for a second audition. Some roles have already been cast (or admitted), and we now want to look at you in more detail to see how you compare to the rest of the people auditioning (or applying). One of the worst things you can do is give up and not do the essays. The second worst thing is to call us up and berate us for not admitting you. We will be happy to talk to people, but make sure to communicate in a positive tone, understand that we cannot talk about other applicants, and please remember that defer does not mean denial. In past years, about half of the deferred applicants who completed part II were later admitted. Each year, about 1000 deferred students do not complete part II, so we never even have a chance to even review them! If you are serious about UGA, take the time to complete your application, and then be patient as we review all of these files throughout Jan., Feb. and March. When completing part II (the essays), you do NOT need to do an entirely new application, and there is no new/additional application fee. You just need to go to your myStatus page after decisions are out, complete part II (the essays), and hit submit. As well, get a teacher from an academic area to write your teacher recommendation. Remember, UGA is in no way done with the overall freshman admission process. We still have a long way to go, with a great deal of files to read and admission offers to make, so make sure you do your best to show UGA what you are like as an overall student/citizen. Deny: While this is not a fun situation at all, the reality is that if you have been denied Early Action, you are truly not competitive for admission at UGA as compared to the rest of the applicant pool. It is not easy to write that, and it is very difficult to tell this to a student or parent, but when we look at this students application in comparison with the other 10,800 EA applicants (and remember, we expect to get over 8,000 RD applicants as well), they do not match up academically with the others. It is better to tell you now instead of waiting until late March, as this gives you time to make other plans. Unless there seems to be a serious error (you are in the top of your class, take a very challenging course load, and have a strong test score), my suggestion is to not contact us about the decision, but instead move forward with plan B. While we do not mind talking with you at all, the reality is that an Early Action denial means that the admission to UGA is not possible as a freshman. Incomplete: For the small number of students who did not complete your EA file, you are now automatically deferred to the next step, and so you will need to get in the missing materials from EA, and also submit part II of the application and a teacher recommendation. We went three plus weeks beyond the deadline allowing you to get in the missing documents, sending reminder emails, indicating what was missing through the myStatus page, and it was your responsibility to get in the required materials. So I do not suggest contacting us to see if we can take items late, as that time has passed. Focus instead on sending in what is needed to be reviewed in the next round. When completing part II (the essays), you do NOT need to do an entirely new application, and there is no new/additional application fee. You just need to go to your myStatus page after decisions are out, complete part II (the essays), and hit submit. I hope this helps! Emmahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07720620534852515859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6280518987111827984.post-77952399416406930082020-08-21T06:11:00.001-07:002020-08-21T06:11:47.523-07:002012 Early Action Decision Reactions - UGA Undergraduate Admissions2012 Early Action Decision Reactions - UGA Undergraduate Admissions 2012 Early Action Decision Reactions Since Early Action decisions will be going out in the late afternoon on Friday, November 18, here are a few suggestions on how to react to the four different decisions: Admit: Celebrate with family, buy a lot of UGA gear to wear for the Thanksgiving break, but remember that not everyone has received a decision of admission, and so be a little more low key with friends and classmates. In other words, do not run up to you best friend during English class and scream I got into Georgia while 10-15 of your classmates are mentally throwing daggers into your back. In addition, be patient with the other parts of campus (commitment deposit, housing, the UGA myID system, etc.), as they might need a few days to take in your information. You will also receive materials in the mail as far as the next steps to take. Defer: This is the most challenging one, as these are applicants who are truly strong students, but we want to see more about them (as well as the rest of the applicant pool) before making a final decision. Please remember, this is not a denial at all, but instead a way for us to be able to review you in full, from your co-curricular activities, your essays, and your recommendations. As I usually state, defer is not a four letter word (even though you might feel this way), only a delay in an admission decision. This is your chance to let us know what you are like as an overall applicant. While this is probably not the answer you would like, I would suggest you treat it as a call-back for a second audition. Some roles have already been cast (or admitted), and we now want to look at you in more detail to see how you compare to the rest of the people auditioning (or applying). One of the worst things you can do is give up and not do the essays. The second worst thing is to call us up and berate us for not admitting you. We will be happy to talk to people, but make sure to communicate in a positive tone, understand that we cannot talk about other applicants, and please remember that defer does not mean denial. In past years, about half of the deferred applicants who completed part II were later admitted. Each year, about 1000 deferred students do not complete part II, so we never even have a chance to even review them! If you are serious about UGA, take the time to complete your application, and then be patient as we review all of these files throughout Jan., Feb. and March. When completing part II (the essays), you do NOT need to do an entirely new application, and there is no new/additional application fee. You just need to go to your myStatus page after decisions are out, complete part II (the essays), and hit submit. As well, get a teacher from an academic area to write your teacher recommendation. Remember, UGA is in no way done with the overall freshman admission process. We still have a long way to go, with a great deal of files to read and admission offers to make, so make sure you do your best to show UGA what you are like as an overall student/citizen. Deny: While this is not a fun situation at all, the reality is that if you have been denied Early Action, you are truly not competitive for admission at UGA as compared to the rest of the applicant pool. It is not easy to write that, and it is very difficult to tell this to a student or parent, but when we look at this students application in comparison with the other 10,800 EA applicants (and remember, we expect to get over 8,000 RD applicants as well), they do not match up academically with the others. It is better to tell you now instead of waiting until late March, as this gives you time to make other plans. Unless there seems to be a serious error (you are in the top of your class, take a very challenging course load, and have a strong test score), my suggestion is to not contact us about the decision, but instead move forward with plan B. While we do not mind talking with you at all, the reality is that an Early Action denial means that the admission to UGA is not possible as a freshman. Incomplete: For the small number of students who did not complete your EA file, you are now automatically deferred to the next step, and so you will need to get in the missing materials from EA, and also submit part II of the application and a teacher recommendation. We went three plus weeks beyond the deadline allowing you to get in the missing documents, sending reminder emails, indicating what was missing through the myStatus page, and it was your responsibility to get in the required materials. So I do not suggest contacting us to see if we can take items late, as that time has passed. Focus instead on sending in what is needed to be reviewed in the next round. When completing part II (the essays), you do NOT need to do an entirely new application, and there is no new/additional application fee. You just need to go to your myStatus page after decisions are out, complete part II (the essays), and hit submit. I hope this helps! Emmahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07720620534852515859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6280518987111827984.post-25384497968462620622020-05-24T19:06:00.001-07:002020-05-24T19:06:02.146-07:00Chinua Achebe As A Nigerian English Novelist Essay CHINUA ACHEBE AS A NIGERIAN ENGLISH NOVELIST Abstract: Chinua Achebe is the most widely read African novelist in the world today. He has encompassed in his novels one century of history of Nigeria. Achebe highlights various aspects of the Ibo culture in his novels-ââ¬Å"Things Fall Apartâ⬠, ââ¬Å"No Longer at Easeâ⬠, ââ¬Å"Arrow of Godâ⬠, ââ¬Å"A Man of the Peopleâ⬠and ââ¬Å"Anthills of Savannahâ⬠. He is regarded as the invention of the African literature. He takes pride in being ââ¬Ëa teacherââ¬â¢ of his society and calls upon his fellow writers to turn their attention to African life, culture and ethos. Keywords: Ibo Culture, thrive, innovative, appalling, roaring flame, spanning, synthesis and erstwhile _______________________________________________________________ Introduction: Chinua Achebe, the Nigerian Novelist seen by millions as the father of modern African Literature, has died at the age of 82 on 22-03-2013 in Boston in the USA. He was born in 1930 0n 15th November in a village called Ogidi in Eastern Nigeria in Africa. His mother tongue is Ibo. His parents were Christians. His father was a teacher in a missionary school in Ogidi. Young Achebe went to this school for his early education. When he was eight he began to learn English and at fourteen he attended Government College at Umuahia. He intended to study medicine but soon switched to English literary studies. He went to the University of Ibadan where he studied English, history and theology. After graduating in 1953, he decided to beShow MoreRelatedChinua Achebe s Life Of Literature999 Words à |à 4 PagesEssay: Chinua Achebe Chinua Achebe is a renowned Nigeria novelist lauded for his work in literature. Chinua Achebe has been credited with numerous works of literature ranging from novels to journals. His work cuts across borders, making huge success and accepted globally in the world of literature. Even critics had to accept Chinua Achebe is the greatest our time, such was Charles H Rowell a literary critic issued in Callaloo a reputable magazine. There was no surprise when Chinua Achebe wonRead MoreChinua Achebe s Life Of Literature830 Words à |à 4 Pages Chinua Achebe is a renowned Nigeria novelist lauded for his work in literature. Chinua Achebe has been credited with numerous works of literature ranging from novels to journals. His work cuts across borders, making huge success and accepted globally in the world of literature. Even critics had to accept Chinua Achebe is the greatest our time, such was Charles H Rowell a literary critic issued in Callaloo a reputable magazine. There was no su rprise when Chinua Achebe won the 1972 Commonwealth prizeRead MoreThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe1324 Words à |à 6 Pages Chinua Achebe chose to write his novels in English to reveal a deep response of his people to colonisation and to make that response understood to people all over the world. Things Fall Apart was written in English to teach people worldwide of the struggles he faced and the people of Nigeria faced growing up. Many authors and critics have written about Achebeââ¬â¢s ââ¬ËThings fall apartââ¬â¢ adding their valued opinion on what he was trying to say and his decision to write in English. In the followingRead MoreBiography of Chinua Achebe2083 Words à |à 9 PagesChinua Achebe: Africa most beloved author The Prominent Igbo writer, famous for his novels describing the effects of western customs and values on traditional African society. Achebeââ¬â¢s satire and his keen ear for spoken language have made him one of the most highly esteemed African writers in English. Chinua Achebe was born in eastern Nigeria on November 16, 1930 Isaiah and Janet Achebe (Bucker pars.1). Isaiah Okafor Achebe was a catechist for the Church Missionary Society and his wife to traveledRead MoreThe Conflict Between Tradition And Western Influence On Nigeria1665 Words à |à 7 Pageswrote, ââ¬Å"There is no country in the world with the diversity, confidence, talent and black pride like Nigeria.â⬠There is certainly truth to these words. The west african country of Nigeria has proven itself to be a successful and enduring land. As the English began exploring and colonizing the land grounded in tradition and folklore, Nigeria effectively adapted and grew. Even when torn apart, Nigeria has pulled itself back together and grown stronger. There are many aspects to Nigeriaââ¬â¢s culture that areRead MoreChinua Achebe : The Invention And Mastery Of Modern African Literature1695 Words à |à 7 Pages In her essay Chinua Achebe: The Invention and Mastery of Modern Af rican Literature Emeka Aniagolu labels Chinua Achebe as ââ¬Å"the single most important literary figure in modern African literatureâ⬠(1). Aniagolu goes on to praise Achebe as ââ¬Å"perhaps the most well-known, most widely read, most translated, and most widely respected modern African writer, novelist and polemical essayistâ⬠, especially considering he as been crowned as the inventor of modern African literature (1). The praise he has receivedRead MoreChinua Achebe : The Invention And Mastery Of Modern African Literature1595 Words à |à 7 PagesColleen ODonnell ENG 290 Professor Mann 7 December 2015 TITLE In her essay Chinua Achebe: The Invention and Mastery of Modern African Literature Emeka Aniagolu labels Chinua Achebe as ââ¬Å"the single most important literary figure in modern African literatureâ⬠(1). Aniagolu goes on to praise Achebe as ââ¬Å"perhaps the most well-known, most widely read, most translated, and most widely respected modern African writer, novelist and polemical essayistâ⬠, especially considering he as been crowned as the inventorRead MoreChinua Achebeââ¬â¢s Things Fall Apart: Exploring the Ibo Culture1743 Words à |à 7 Pagesmarginalization is the marginalization of women. This paper is an attempt to explore the Ibo culture and to discuss women as a marginalized group in Chinua Achebeââ¬â¢s Things Fall Apart. Things Fall Apart is a 1958 English novel by Nigerian author Chinua Achebe. Achebe is indebted to Yeats for the title as it has been taken from Yeatsââ¬â¢ poem The Second Coming. Achebe is a fastidious, skillful artist and garnered more critical attention than any other African writer. His reputation was soon established afterRead More Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe Essays2075 Words à |à 9 PagesThings Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe is a story about personal beliefs and customs, and also a story about conflict. There is struggle between family, culture, and the religion of the Ibo, which is all brought on by a difference in personal beliefs and customs of the Igbo and the British. There are also strong opinions of the main character, Okonkwo. We are then introduced to the views of his village, Umuofia. We see how things fall apart when these beliefsRead MoreChinua Achebes Heart of Darkness and Racism Essay2055 Words à |à 9 PagesChinua Achebes Heart of Darkness and Racism The Nigerian novelist Chinua Achebe made claims in the 1970s that Heart of Darkness was a racist novella. My initial thoughts on this are yet to be decided during the course of this essay. While my thoughts are yet to have any significance, I do believe that Chinua Achebes remarks hold some truth. Achebes theory assumes that Marlow and Conrad are the same voice. This could be a reasonable assumption as research into Emmahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07720620534852515859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6280518987111827984.post-12870721122721681382020-05-14T02:04:00.001-07:002020-05-14T02:04:03.959-07:00Social Media for Current EventsEmmahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07720620534852515859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6280518987111827984.post-43181369724581424512020-05-06T14:35:00.001-07:002020-05-06T14:35:35.297-07:00Technological Advancements With Cell Phones Have... Technological advancements with cell phones have drastically improved information access that we have today. Applications loaded on a smart phone can access the internet, social media sites, video phone calls, texts and place a simple phone call. This access is unrestrictive and available 24 hours a day and 7 days a week, with one exception, never to be used while you are operating a motor vehicle. The use of a cell phone while operating a vehicle places the user and all others on the road in danger, and should be made illegal in all states, by any driver. Currently there are 49 states and U.S Territories that have some type of law that restricts the use of a phone while driving (Distraction). Each state has implemented legislation differently, though, resulting in dissimilar laws and methods of enforcement by police across the country. Most states currently outlaw the use of texting on a device, while driving, but these can be either a primary or secondary law and according to the age of the driver. A primary law being one that you can be stopped directly for using a phone, while a secondary law, an officer must observe some other offense first, like speeding. This ambiguity in laws leads to confusion to drivers and the faulty logic that using your phone to text is not that dangerous, because if it were, it would be illegal everywhere. The National Safety Council estimates that over 28% of all crashes are a result of distracted drivers, with over 200,000 accidentsShow MoreRelatedCell Phone2102 Words à |à 9 PagesCellular Phones in Society The cellular phone is perhaps one of the greatest innovations known to man. The cellular phone coupled with technological advancements has influenced the lives of people from all lifestyles globally. However, the cellular phone has undergone massive evolution over time from the bulky hand-held telephone at its beginning to the hand-held mobile devices it is today. Through evolution the cellular phone has a positive effect on society. The cellular phone startedRead MoreThe Globalization of Cell Phones2179 Words à |à 9 PagesPrinciples of Globalization Globalization is a process of collaboration and amalgamation among different cultural groups, a process driven by trade, investment and the advancement of technology. It creates a world where everyone is united and there is a single culture flowing through many different lifestyles, effecting environment, political systems, economic development and prosperity, and the physical well-being of individuals (www.globalization101.org). The concept of globalization has beenRead MoreImpact Of Technology On Society : What Is Technology? Essay1557 Words à |à 7 Pagesany technological system. Technology is comprised of the products and process created by engineers to meet our need and wants to extend our cabalists. Changes in technology Throughout history, developments in technology and communications have gone hand-in-hand, and the latest technological developments such as Industrialization, Urbanization, Modernization, Development of the means of transport and communication, Unemployment, Changes in social institutions have resulted in the advancement ofRead MoreTechnology s Impact On Healthcare1227 Words à |à 5 Pages Itââ¬â¢s the twelfth of April 2017. A nursing student sits inside an average home. The lights are brightly lit. A computer sits atop the studentââ¬â¢s lap. A television is across the room. A cellular phone is nearby. In the kitchen there are many appliances. These are everyday pieces of technology present these days. Technology is defined as ââ¬Å"the branch of knowledge that deals with the creation and use of technical means and their interrelation with life, society, and the environment, drawing upon suchRead MoreHow Technology Has Changed Our Lives2038 Words à |à 9 Pageswear a maskâ⬠, and ââ¬Å"A wood that covers things.â⬠As one can see, the newer generations didn t have the slightest idea of what an overhead is, while older students have grown up with the use of one. This is due to how technology has been advancing throughout the years and it will continue to change as time goes on. When the word technology is brought up, many people think it only applies to computers, cell phones or television. Certainly those listed are valid examples of technology, however technologyRead MoreCase Study Telecom Pakistan5731 Words à |à 23 PagesLtd (PTCL) 4 1.4 National Telecommunication Corporation 4 1.5 Telecard 5 1.6 Worldcall 5 1.7 Long distance, International gateway (LDI) 5 2. Privatization of PTCL 6 3. Growth in mobile phone 7 4. Evolution of investment liberalization 8 5. Evolution of Technology 9 6. Access to telecommunication services: 9 7. Evolution of Pricing Policy 13 8. Telecom Sector and Revenue Generation 15 9. Labour Demand and Supply Effect: 16 10. Perception Survey: 17 10.1 Methodology:Read MoreExternal Analysis of Apple Inc10072 Words à |à 41 PagesDemographic Segment â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦ 3.1.2. Economic Segment â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.. 3.1.3. Political/Legal Segment â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦ 3.1.4. Socio-Cultural Segment â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.. 3.1.5. Technological Segmentâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦ 3.1.6. Global Segment â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦ 3.1.7. Summary of General Environment Analysisâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦. 3.1.8. Driving Forces â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦ 3.2 Industry AnalysisRead MoreE-Banking in Bangladesh3396 Words à |à 14 PagesCustomers access ebanking services using an intelligent electronic device, such as a Personal Computer (PC), Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), Automated Teller Machine (ATM), Kiosk, or Touch Tone Telephone. E-banking refers to the PC Banking, Internet Banking, Virtual Banking, Online Banking, Home Banking, Remote Electronic Banking, and Phone Banking. E-banking includes the systems that enable Bank customers, individuals or businesses, to access accounts, transact business, or obtain information on financialRead MoreWireless Technology Essay16392 Words à |à 66 PagesWireless Technology (Wenclewicz) You just awoke and looked out your window, and to your surprise, your car is covered with 5 inches of snow. You have to leave for work in 40 minutes but you still need to take a shower and get things ready for your day. You do not have the extra time to go outside and warm your car up before you leave, but you have remote start and with just a click of a button, you are able to start your car while you are getting ready. This is just one of the many things thatRead MoreMarketing Proposal Project5597 Words à |à 23 Pagesproviders of high-growth communications services. Verizon companies are the largest providers of wire line and wireless communications in the United States, with nearly 135 million access line equivalents and over 30 million wireless customers. Verizon is also the world s largest provider of print and online directory information. A Fortune 10 company with more than 241,000 employees and $67 billion in 2001 revenues, Verizon s global presence extends to 45 countries in the Americas, Europe, Asia and Emmahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07720620534852515859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6280518987111827984.post-69926864827207964672020-05-05T15:37:00.001-07:002020-05-05T15:37:07.039-07:00Business Communication for Cypress Media Group â⬠MyAssignmenthelp Question: Discuss about theBusiness Communication for Cypress Media Group. Answer: Organizational Communication Organizational communication has been the most interesting topic to me in the business communication subject. Organizational communication encompasses all forms of communications that take place within firms. As Mumby (2012) explained, communication within firms occurs vertically and horizontally. Vertical communication occurs between leaders and employees. When the employees send grievances to the leaders, for instance, they engage in vertical communication. Horizontal communication takes place among the employees, between different working teams, and between leaders. Miller and Barbour (2014) noted different types of communication take place within organizations. The most common type is the face-to-face communication. Leaders, for instance, engage in that kind of communication with employees in meetings and in the processes of evaluating job performance. Written communication is also very common, through the use of letters, emails, magazines, memo and posters, among other channels. Communication also takes place through telephones and mobile phones. Technological development within the last two decades has led to the emergence of virtual communication (Sox, Crews, Kline, 2014, p. 152). In virtual communication, leaders and employees exchange information in real-time within virtual settings. Internet technology development, for instance, facilitates organizational stakeholders to exchange information virtually within social media sites such as Twitter and FaceBook. In Cypress Media Group Company, for instance, employees can follow up meetings virtually even when they are away (Sox, Crews Kline, 2014, p. 154). Other technologies that facilitate virtual communication within firms include webinars and shareware. The effectiveness of communication within a firm has a major influence on its performance. As Miller and Barbour (2014) explained, effective communication enhances employee satisfaction and their understanding and commitment to organizational goals, vision, and objectives. Consequently, employee performance is ultimately facilitated. Conversely, ineffective communication reduces employee satisfaction, commitment, and morale. The eventual impact is a decline in their performance. Reflection Before starting the topic on organizational communication, I thought that it simply described the types and channels of communications that are found within organizations. Consequently, I thought that it is a usual topic that is not thought-provoking. After studying the topic, however, I realized that there is much more to organizational communication than what I thought. I used effort to read extra sources about it, including books, journals, and internet sites. Eventually, the topic emerged as the most interesting to me. The first most striking thing that triggered my interest towards the topic is the impact of technological development on organizational communication. I realized that despite the fact that face-to-face communication is still used in firms, virtual communication through the technologies that have emerged recently in becoming increasingly popular. Firm managers are increasingly engaging in meetings with subordinates from different subsidiaries in virtual contexts (Sox, Crews Kline, 2014, p. 155). The technology mainly favors multinational firms since they operate in different geographical regions. Instead of managers traveling frequently to engage in face-to-face meetings, they are increasingly engaging in virtual meetings. In 2016, for instance, managers in companies such as HP, Hewlett Packard Enterprise, Intel, Inc, and NVIDIA engaged employees in virtual-only meetings (Fontenot et al., 2016). Considering the fact that technology is still evolving, I felt that virtual communication will be more common than face-to-face communication within firms in the near future. The second thing that aroused my interest in the topic is the potential effect of communication effectiveness. Before doing the topic, I had not estimated the possible effects of communication in organizations. After doing the topic, I realized that communication effectiveness is as important as the valuable assets of firms that influence performance. For instance, lack of a channel for the employees to send their grievances to leaders is enough reason to halt organizational operations and performance (Miller Barbour, 2014, p. 33). Thus, I realized that facilitating effective communication should be given priority by firm managers. Application in Career I will apply the ideas learned in the organizational communication topic in many ways in my future career. As an employee, I will maintain effective communication with workmates within the same team. Effective communication with workmates will help improve the teams coordination and overall performance (Miller Barbour, 2014, p. 34). I will also maintain proper communication with members of other teams where necessary. For instance, I will inform employees from other departments about what the final users of products and services require. Doing so will help to ensure that all teams or departments contribute to the improvement in the quality of the final output (Miller Barbour, 2014, p. 34). As a manager, I will apply the topic in informing the employees about the organization's goals, vision, values, mission, and objectives. Doing so will facilitate employees performance and organizational commitment (Miller Barbour, 2014, p. 34). I will use written and oral communication approaches to inform them. I will establish a channel for the employee communication to the management when they have grievances. I will use the most appropriate approaches to respond to the employee grievances in time. This will help to enhance employee satisfaction and to reduce the turnover rate (Miller Barbour, 2014, p. 35). I will be communicating to employees and relevant managers about the decisions set to be made. I will be allowing them to give views toward those decisions. Doing so will be helpful in facilitating their support to management decisions (Miller Barbour, 2014, p. 35). I will also apply the knowledge in organizational communication when dealing with problems such as employee co nflicts. I always determine whether or not to use technological devices to communicate. Virtual communication is beneficial since it saves costs related to traveling, venue preparation, and others. For instance, communication through Facebook incurs insignificant costs (Miller Barbour, 2014, p. 33). In cases where the saving of costs will be required, I will be communicating with the employees virtually. However, I will always consider factors such as confidentiality of the message being communicated before choosing the communication approach to adopt. When there is are high risks involved, I will opt for face-to-face communication. Also, I will apply face-to-face communication when guidance employees to undertake different tasks. In the case of need, I will apply hybrid strategy, which involves combining different communication strategies. For instance, face-to-face communication can be augmented with virtual communication. References Fontenot L Dang L Gibson D Crutcher 2016. Annual Shareholder Meeting: Selected Considerations for a Virtual-Only Meeting. https://corpgov.law.harvard.edu/2016/12/09/annual-shareholder-meeting-selected-considerations-for-a-virtual-only-meeting/? Accessed May 20 2017. Miller K Barbour J 2014. Organizational Communication: Approaches and Processes. Stamford: Cengage Learning. Mumby D K 2012. Organizational Communication: A Critical Approach. London: SAGE Publications. Sox, C B Crews T B Kline S F 2014. Virtual and Hybrid Meetings for Generation X: Using the Delphi Method to Determine Best Practices, Opportunities, and Barriers Journal of Convention Event Tourism, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 150-169. Emmahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07720620534852515859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6280518987111827984.post-3350399512670380332020-04-04T09:55:00.001-07:002020-04-04T09:55:02.706-07:00Business Environment of Sri Lanka Telecom Plc free essay sample If not for all of them my assignment wouldnââ¬â¢t have been a success. Kevin De Silva Executive Summary This assignment gives an exhaustive analysis focusing mainly on the business environment on one of the most leading companies in the communication industry of Sri Lanka. It is also the national telecommunication service provider of the country, Sri Lanka Telecom PLC. Task one gives an in-depth analysis of what the organization is, on what corner stoneââ¬â¢s it is built on, what it is now, and its purpose of existence, based on their norms, beliefs and traditions. Such as their vision, mission, aims, goals, market share and market growth. It also shows the relationship between the organization and its stakeholders, considering the expectations of the stakeholders, and the responsibility the organization has towards them. Task two (part one), explains the market types that are available in the industry, and in which market type SLT operates in. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Environment of Sri Lanka Telecom Plc or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It also shows the demand in the total industry versus the supply of SLT showing how much of the market is being served and satisfied by them. The reasons for their success in being the number one service provider is identified through their level of innovation, technology and research and development, and is also shown how it is linked in operating in the global arena and the global impact of the organization, the markets they are targeting and how they are planning to enter those emerging markets. At the end of these two tasks we will have a very good understanding on the business environment of Sri Lanka Telecom PLC. Task two (part two), with related to the previous tasks have a more generalized approach. It speaks about two main instruments in the economy the monetary and fiscal policy. This is then related to Sri Lanka and United Kingdom by showing the similarities and differences in the execution of these policies. It then shows the effects of these economic policies on the communication industry, by showing how it affects the sales and production. The tax trend of the organization and reasons for the trend are also shown. All these information will be presented briefly and clearly in a single page poster. Task two (part three), is a presentation on the key economic factors of Mexico. The slides of the presentation are attached. California Management Review. 1983. Stockholders and Stakeholders: A new perspective on Corporate Governance. ) Diagram 3 ââ¬â Categorization of Stakeholders ââ¬Å"We have thus enhanced value with each of our stakeholder segments ââ¬â shareholders, customers, employees, investors, suppliers, regulatory and other related state authorities, the media, the community and in the larger context, the State. â⬠(Sri Lanka Telecom. 2011. Sustainability Report: 2010. Sri Lanka: Sri Lanka Telecom. ) 3. 2 Employees Employees are those who keep the organization in operation, while expecting salaries and wages in return, along with job security and job satisfaction. They have the power to influence the quality of the service of the organization. SLT has a labour force of 6,297 as of June 2011. (TRCSL. 13/10/2011. Telecommunication Regulatory Commission of Sri Lanka: Statistics 2011 June. [Online]. Available: http://www. trc. gov. lk/information/statistics. html. [27/12/2011]. ) 3. 3 Shareholders Shareholders are those who invest in the organization expecting higher dividends. They have the power to elect the directors of the organization. Shareholders of SLT are as follows, * Government of Sri Lanka which holds 52% * Global Telecommunication Holdings N. V. of Netherlands 44. 98% * Public 3. 02% 3. 4 Customers Customers are the key stakeholders of any organization, if not for customers the organization wouldnââ¬â¢t exist. They expect value for money and good services, and they have the power to influence the revenue of the business. SLTââ¬â¢s customer base is over 5. 5million. ââ¬Å"The SLT Group has a customer base of over five and a half million including multinational corporations, large and small corporate, retail and domestic customersâ⬠(Sri Lanka Telecom. 2011. Management Report: 2010. Sri Lanka: Sri Lanka Telecom. ) 3. 5 Suppliers Suppliers are those who supply all the raw materials for an organization to function. In the case of SLT it could be electronic equipment and accessories that aid the telecommunication industry. The suppliers influence the quality, price and availability of the products, and they expect prompt payments and long term contracts. Some of the suppliers for SLT are ZTE Corporation China and other suppliers from Thailand. ââ¬Å"â⬠¦. while related team members visited the equipment supplier in Thailand for more in depth skill developmentâ⬠(Sri Lanka Telecom. 2011. Management Report: 2010. Sri Lanka: Sri Lanka Telecom. ) 3. 6 Government Diversify our portfolio of products and services and diversify our business through new innovative business models, sustainable partnerships. (Sri Lanka Telecom. 2011. Management Report: 2010. Sri Lanka: Sri Lanka Telecom. ) 4. 5 Market Share Fixed and Mobile Broadband ââ¬â Total Market Share Diagram 4 ââ¬â Total Market Share (Fixed and Mobile Broadband) Fixed Line ââ¬â Total Market Share Diagram 5 ââ¬â Total Market Share (Fixed Line) (Sri Lanka Telecom. 2011. Annual Report: 2010,2009,2008,2007,2006. Sri Lanka: Sri Lanka Telecom. ) 4. 6 Growth of Market Share Emmahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07720620534852515859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6280518987111827984.post-58237402543542103622020-03-08T13:39:00.001-07:002020-03-08T13:39:02.780-07:00The Assassinations of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Mahatma Gandhi essaysThe Assassinations of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Mahatma Gandhi essays Martin Luther King, Jr. Martin Luther King, Jr. posed challenges to segregation and racial discrimination in the United States in the 1950s and 1960s through non- violent and peaceful moves and put across his message to the white Americans to help support the cause of the civil rights. After his assassination in 1968 at the prime time of his civil rights movement, King became a symbol of protest in the blacks' struggle for Early Life King was born on January 15, 1929, in Atlanta, Georgia. His father served as pastor of a large Atlanta church, Ebenezer Baptist. King Jr. was ordained as a Baptist minister at the age of 18. (Badger) King attended local segregated public schools and graduated with a bachelor's degree in sociology from Morehouse College in 1948. He graduated with honors from Crozer Theological Seminary in Pennsylvania in 1951. He earned a doctoral degree in systematic theology from Boston University. King was exposed to influences that related Christian theology to the struggles of oppressed peoples throughout his academic career. He also studied the teachings on non-violent movement of Indian leader Mohandas Gandhi. Benjamin E. Mays, a leader in the national community of racially liberal clergymen, played a key role in shaping King's theological In 1954 King accepted his first pastorate at the Dexter Avenue Baptist Civil Rights Movement King became one of the founders of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) in 1957 and also became its President. SCLC was an organization of black churches and ministers that opposed racial segregation. The SCLC supported the NAACP's legal efforts to put an end to segregation through the courts with nonviolent direct action to protest racial discrimination. These activities included marches, demonstrations, and boycotts. The direct ... Emmahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07720620534852515859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6280518987111827984.post-65686529126544741412020-02-21T04:05:00.001-08:002020-02-21T04:05:03.020-08:00Indigenous People of Australia. Does Australia Need a Treaty EssayIndigenous People of Australia. Does Australia Need a Treaty - Essay Example Furthermore, the paper also describes Victorian Charter and what it means for the indigenous people. Australia lacks a formal treaty with its indigenous and non-indigenous people which have been a goal for all councils that are planning to give human rights to these people. However, little or no concerns have been shown by the governing bodies of how the treaty should be accommodated with the constitution of Australia to protect the rights of indigenous and non-indigenous people (Broome, 2010). Aborigines, Torres Strait Islanders and other indigenous groups in Australia are the original dwellers of the Australian continent that has been living since 50,000 years. Great diversity is found between different communities in Australia which have different culture altogether. They have different languages and customs and are further divided into local communities that have more diversity in its form. But when the European settlement took place, they did not consider the rights of people th at were originally the inhabitants of the country (Bartlett, 2002). Many people suggest that it would be unwise to form a treaty between aboriginal people because of their demands that would unlikely to be fulfilled. The indigenous people of Australia launched a book entitled ââ¬ËTreaty: Letââ¬â¢s get it rightââ¬â¢ which was targeted at white people living in Australia and were trying to persuade them they need more than a treaty and reconciliation. The Aborigines have claimed to form a State which is ruled by their community setting up as a ââ¬ËBlack Stateââ¬â¢ (Windschuttle, 2001). The book represented that they wanted to negotiate for the self government which seemed impossible for government to fulfil their demands. In Aboriginal politics, the people have always claimed for a separate nation but the main focus of their demand is the sovereignty of indigenous people. Many scholars do not agree with Aboriginal ideology because the whites have now outnumbered the ind igenous people communities and now they have the right to rule in the country. The demands have forced many legal problems in the country (Hinton et al., 2008). Australia has never had a formal agreement on the treaty of indigenous people because Aboriginal have always been portrayed in the light of having no civilized pattern of living or government. The history has shown one sided relationship without covering the story of Aboriginals. They were termed as native savages by misleading people and make bad impressions in the mind of white people which developed hatred amongst them without realizing the truth. Indigenous people were completely overlooked by Australian justice and they did not consider them as relevant parties to compete with their rights. A treaty would eventually recognize and protect their rights that would lead to prosperous Australia (Langton, 2006). A treaty would be a final settlement between indigenous and non-indigenous people of Australia which would make thi ngs calm and would not give rise to civil war. The treaty is the best way for Aboriginal people to advance their cause for their freedom but before that a preliminary policy is needed that could give basic rights to indigenous people. The treaty is the central vision of Aboriginal people and it is an opportunity for them to brighten their future. These people would very far to achieve their vision which they have written many years before. It would Emmahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07720620534852515859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6280518987111827984.post-52472293668267575722020-02-05T04:22:00.001-08:002020-02-05T04:22:02.830-08:00Function of afterlife Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 wordsFunction of afterlife - Essay Example Written in the form of interviews conducted from the famous souls had already departed from the world, the author has given the message that the individuals leading a life in service of humanity in one way or the other would be in peace and under the blessings of the Lord in heavens. On the contrary, the persons, who had inflicted the pains and sufferings upon the fellow humans, are sure to undergo punishments in inferno in afterlife (31). As a result, the individuals including Shakespeare, Edison, Pasteur and others, would be blessed against their wonderful contributions carried out in the field of art, medicine, literature and others. Similarly, the despotic rulers, evil-minded politicians, pagans and purported dogmatists would have to undergo the wrath of Lord for their wickedness and misdeeds (48). Hence, if the individuals give up and forget believing in the messages and lessons manifestly mentioned in the Holy Scriptures that humans are not responsible to anyone after death, ev eryone will start inflicting harms, hurt and throbbing pains upon others (67). On the contrary, strong faith in God as well as His system, based upon justice, truth and benevolence, teaches the humans to be kind, sympathetic and compassionate towards others. Consequently, the author has conveyed the universal message of love and benevolence through his under-investigation work, which urges the readers to observe chastity, mercifulness and compassion towards one Emmahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07720620534852515859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6280518987111827984.post-44797490110111423902020-01-28T00:46:00.001-08:002020-01-28T00:46:05.880-08:00Censor Restrictions In Indian CinemaCensor Restrictions In Indian Cinema The boundary within which artistic liberty swings has, historically, remained a debatable issue. Liberal democracies all over the world have recognised the need for reasonable restriction, though its boundaries are yet to be settled. In India cinema censorship appeared as an inevitable response to growing obscenity, restraint on the public morale being necessary for socio-cultural and political reasons. However, obscenity and lewdness having varying interpretations, censor decisions have remained a contentious issue. All efforts including judicial pronouncements, expert committee recommendations and periodic review of the censorship guidelines have fall short of settling the issue. The ongoing digital communication technology revolution has prompted a fresh debate on the relevance of cinema censorship in India. This paper attempts to review the legal and philosophical foundations of the concept to identify the reasonable limits of artistic expression in India, in the context of chang ing pubic moral and social patterns, and the ongoing digital communication technology revolutions. Introduction A gloss over the existing literature on cinema revels that censorship debate continues ever since cinemas emergence as a major mass entertainment industry, of course, the issue of contention keeps on changing. The battle over it is often fought as petty-bickering and yet at other times in terms of angry public furor at the overt or covert sexual obscenities. Though the polemics of Indian film censorship generally revolved round sleaze, sensuality, sexuality, nudity and permissiveness (Bhowmik, 2003:3148), excessive depiction of obscenity and lewdness is primarily seen as the reason for censorship becoming inevitable in India- restraint on the public moral being necessary for socio-cultural, political, national security reasons. But, obscenity being perceptual and having different nuances of meanings for different segments of age and populations, the CBFCs decisions were often questioned, making it a debatable issue. The era of censor restriction began in British India when the film Bhakta Vidura (1921) was banned because its protagonist bore a strong resemblance to Mahatma Gandhi. In 1978, the Central Board of Film Censor (renamed Central Board of Film Certification in 1982) referred to the political film KISSA KURSI KA(The Tale of a Chair), an innuendo about the politicians) to the Information Broadcasting Ministry for further clearance. This was eventually destroyed only to be remade and released latter. In 1981, the film MERI AWAZ SUNO (Please Listen to My Voice), about a policeman who infiltrates an underworld gang to discover its nexus with politicians, was first granted an A certificate, but subsequently suspended under the Cinematograph act, 1952 citing that the film depicted excessive violence. In 1994, the film BANDIT QUEEN, based on the life history of Phoolon Devi-a dalit woman turned bandit was recommended for 17 cuts by the Central Board of Film Certification(CBFC). The film was released with just one visual and one audio cut after court intervention. In the film KAMA SUTRA- A TALE of LOVE (1996), which sought to demonstrate the marriage of spirituality and sexuality through the story of a princess and her servant, was denied a certificate citing it pornographic; it was certified after two scenes of nudity were erased. The film FIRE (1998), which explicitly screened the relationship of two women, who found the poignant expression of their love in their lesbian relationship, was cleared for public exhibition by the Censor Board but, the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting referred it back to the Censor Board for review due to violent protest against the film in parts of India. In 2002,the CBFC demanded several deletions from the anti-war and anti-nuclear documentar y film Jung-aur-aman (War and Peace) as a pre-condition for granting certificate, only to be certified without any deletion after the Bombay High Court directed the CBFC to do so (TOI,2003:April 26). As the censors claimed, the film suggested a bias against the Muslims minority when aid was distributed after the Gujrat earth quake 2001. The list of such films touched by censorship issues in India gets longer even as the country emerges as the most prolific film producing country in the world (TOI,2002: July 28). At times the issue is excessive violence (Aakrosh, 2003), at others it is kissing on screen (Khwaish), even at others it is smoking on screen (God Mother, 1999, Pyar -To-Hona Hi Tha). The era of protest against restriction on cinema is as old as the restriction itself. But the restriction continues and is expected to continue, of course, efforts have been made to ease the tensions out. The recent ICT revolutions, especially the wider availability of digital duplicating technologies and the wider scope for their circulation through the networked technologies have raised afresh questions on the relevance of the censor mechanism in India. But, despite the growing justifications against its continuation, the justifications for censorship is found in the argument that Indian society constitutes of people with a divergent social outlook and the response to cinema censorship must be defined by the divergent socio- political and cultural parameters of the country (Dayal, 1987). But, every new case of censorship dispute renews demands for abolition of the Censor Board and the practice of film censorship in India. The Indian Supreme Court and High Courts have adjudicated on the matter, expert committees have recommended solutions, the government has issued revised guidelines from time to time, but still the issue remains unsettled. Even public opinion on the issue is intricate and dichotomous. Despite the county having well formulated obscenity laws for over a century, the question still remains: is censorship necessary? This paper attempts to explore the philosophical foundations of the right to artistic expression and its reasonable limits with special reference to film censorship in India in the context of the ongoing digital communication technology revolution, emerging patterns of Indian society and the changing profile of Indian audiences. The specific objectives of the study are: To examine the legal and philosophical foundations of media freedom, to identify its limits and explore the grounds for censor restriction. To explore the impacts of films and the scope for their positive use for social transformation and development. To make an assessment of the role and functioning of the Censor Board with regard to public perception and expectation in the context of the emerging digital communication technology environment; and To analyze public perception to find out the potential to make the Indian cinema censorship practices more effective and acceptable. Background of the Study Historically, censorship as a term in English goes back to the office of the censor established in ancient Rome. The censor was one of two magistrates of early Rome who acted as the census authority, and inspectors of moral who regulated the morals of the citizens, (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2012). Merriam-Websters Collegiate Dictionary defines Censor, to be a person who is authorized to read publications or correspondence or to watch theatrical performances and suppress in whole or in part anything considered obscene or politically unacceptable. As a practice, censorship is the control of what people may say or hear, write or read, or see or do, and suppression of material considered objectionable, harmful, sensitive, or inconvenient to the government or the citizen groups. The materials which are included within the scope of censorship commonly includes nudity, sexual activity, language, presentation of criminal acts, violence messages considered to be immoral in the context of a society. Traditionally censorship was associated with ideas about state oppression, intolerant governments or other powerful institutions controlling the minds of powerless citizens and societys dominated classes (Biltereyst, 2010). It was related to brutal strategies to limit freedom of speech, or to undermine artistic expression. It was even seen as part of a carefully orchestrated strategy of controlling or even silencing public debate in society. With the universal recognition of human rights and the right to communicate as a vital component, the exercise of film censorship in modern times is seen as violating the sanctity of the constitutionally granted freedom of speech and expression in liberal democracies (Kazmi,2001), and is mostly regarded as a relic of an unenlightened and much more oppressive age and hardly finds any favour among elite sections of a society. Daniel Biltereyst of the Centre for Cinema and Media Studies claim that censorship is more complex and constitutes more than simply banning, cutting and imposing restrictions from above by state institutions. This revelation is based on a broader definition of censorship and new theoretical underpinnings of the concept. New approaches argue that the state does not wield absolute power, and also that censorship institutions are not disconnected from society but are run by flesh-and-blood people with their own sensitivities, norms and values. This includes the existence of negotiations between the censors, the industry and film makers (Biltereyst, 2008). This new approach to censorship shifted the focus from the old institutionalized, interventionist censorship to a more culturalist notion of film censorship (Biltereyst, 2010). From this perspective, censorship was gradually accepted as a keen and sharp indicator of what a particular hegemonic group in society can tolerate at a particular moment. The wider social and cultural ideologies determining hegemonic groups activities present the framework for negotiation between industry, filmmakers, censors and their respective discourses, to achieve some form of consensus on the acceptability of certain images, scenes or films. This negotiation process makes it rather unlikely that film classification boards would take decisions going completely against societal sensitivities. The censor negotiations combine historical, sociological, aesthetic, and philosophical parameters and vacillate between the two extremes of the liberty of artistic expression and the moral responsibilities of audiovi sual representations. Reflecting the views of a section of the film industry Bhowmik claims that trends on censorship practice violates the sanctity of the constitutionally granted freedom of speech and expression Disagreeing with the popular notion of censorship as moral restraint, he argues that its true import lies in the propagation of political agendas, there being intricate interplay of policies of governance and strictures of censorship. It is claimed that bureaucratic manipulation, judicial laxity, vested interest and political or public pressure keep the institution of film censorship going in India (Bhowmik (2003:3149). Cinema can play a positive role in society in terms of providing entertainment, enhancing information and knowledge, sensitizing people about urgent issues of society, in creating sociability and offering catharsis (Bhakhry, 1995:71). Similarly, cinema can also play an equally negative role in teaching wrong values, generating social and sexual violence and crime, providing escape from reality into a dream world instead of facing up to the problems of life, encouraging adoption of destructive role models and in encouraging cynicism about social institutions (Bhakhry, 1995:71. It is these impacts of cinema on society which makes censorship an important issue and justifies the efforts put into this study. Genesis of Censor Restriction in Indian Cinema The institution of censorship in Indian cinema took roots soon after the birth of the indigenous film industry. The Indian Cinematograph Act of 1918 was enacted by the British government in India with the avowed aim of safety of the audiences, and the prevention of degrading of moral performances, though the real intentions, as was often alleged, were to pre-empt political issues perceived as threats to the British Raj in India (Bhowmik, 2003:3149).Regional Censor Boards were constituted at Bombay, Calcutta, Madras, Rangoon, and Lahore in 1920, to put a check, as was claimed, on sensitive issues, objectionable subjects, and forbidden scenes in foreign films. The first instances of censorship took place soon after the setting up of these regional censor boards when the 1921 film Bhakta Vidura was banned alleging that its protagonist bore a strong resemblance to Mahatma Gandhi. Following Indian independence, the Indian Cinematograph Act of 1918 was carried forward by the Indian leadership essentially as an attempt to cleanse or control the harmful western influence through the medium of film entertainment. The Indian leadership publicly stated that the sanctity of the well received principles of morality and behaviour would be invoked in matters relating to exhibition of films in the country(Bhowmik,2003: July 26). They emphasized the need for improvement in the moral and ethical standards in films. In 1951, all regional censor boards were brought under the unified command of a Central Board of Film Censors. The Indian Cinematograph Act 1918 was replaced by the Indian Cinematograph Act 1952, which was amended in 1982 and new censorship guidelines were issued in 1983. The law provides for appointment of a Central Board of Film Certification to certify films for public exhibition in India which functions with headquarters at Mumbai assisted by nine regional offices at Bangalore, Mumbai, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Chennai, Thiruvananthpuram, New Delhi, Cuttack and Guwahati. The law and the guidelines provide for appointment of the Board, their functioning and the issues to be considered while certifying a cinema for public exhibition in India. A Film certification Appellate Tribunal was established in 1984 at Delhi to hear appeals against the decisions of the CBFC. In the years that followed Indian independence, film censorship continues to vacillate between the two extremes of the growing right to freedom of expression view and public decency defined by group perceptions and interests. The then minister of information and broadcasting R.R. Diwakar characterized the newly framed CBFC as a dignified effort to model an effective medium of healthy entertainment, national culture, and mass education (Hunnings, 1967:228). The main objectives of film censorship, as per the certification guidelines, have been to ensure that The medium of film remains responsible and responsive to the values and standards of society; Artistic expression and creative freedom are not unduly curbed; and Censorship is responsive to social changes. As provided in the Indian Cinematograph Act 1952 including its subsequent amendments , films are certified relying on the judgment of examining and revising committees and are issued any of the following four types of certificates -U, UL. A, and S, as has been provided under the Indian Cinemagraph Act.1952. U (unrestricted exhibition) certificate is issued to a cinema which, in the opinion of the CBFC, is suitable for unrestricted public exhibition. UA (unrestricted public exhibition subject to parental guidance for children below the age of 12) certification is issued to a film in respect of which the board is of the opinion that it is necessary to caution that the question as to whether any child below the age of 12 may be allowed to see such film should be considered by the parents or guardians of such child. A (public exhibition restricted to adults only) certificate is issued to a cinema if in the opinion of the board its public exhibition is to be restricted to adults only. S'(public exhibition restricted to specialized audiences) certification of a cinema means the cinema is suitable for public exhibition restricted to members of a profession, for example Doctors. The CBFC is assisted in examination of films by members of Advisory Panels and Examining Committees, and issues certificates as suggested. The board examines films for certification in accordance with provisions contained in the Cinematograph Act, 1952, the Cinematography (Certification) Rules, 1983 and the guidelines issued in this regard by the government of India from time to time. While considering a cinema for certification as mentioned above, the CBFC may direct to delete or amend material that might be considered to be offensive by its audiences or may even refuse to allow a film to be screened commercially. The Film Certification Appellate Tribunal (FCAT) hears appeals against the decisions of the Censor Board in respect of certification of a film. The decisions of the tribunal are binding on the board and it disposes the matter in conformity with the order of the tribunal. Under the provisions of the Cinematograph Act, 1952 the Central Government is also empowered to send back a film for review by the Censor Board or to cancel or modify a certificate issued to a film under certain circumstances. Petitions can be filed in High Courts seeking a ban on screening of a film. IV. Artistic Freedom and its Limits Article 19(1) (a) of the Indian Constitution Guarantees to every citizen of India the right to freedom of speech and expression; also assures the freedom of media, though it is not separately stated there, unlike some other constitutions like that of the USA. The freedom of media is part of a larger right of freedom of speech and expression guaranteed to every citizen. The right to freedom of speech and expression includes within it, the right to collect and receive information from anywhere and through any legitimate means, the right to disseminate information and express opinion (Sawant, 1997). The freedom granted under 19(1) (a) is not absolute, and is subject to restrictions recognized by all liberal democracies as well as by international declarations and covenants. These restrictions are contained in Article 19(2) of the Indian Constitution, which states that freedom of speech and expression guaranteed by article 19(1)(a) shall not affect the operation of any existing law, or prevent the state from making any law, which imposes reasonable restrictions on the exercise of the freedom in the interests of sovereignty and integrity of India, the security of the state, friendly relations with foreign states, public order, decency or morality, or in relation to contempt of court, defamation or incitement to an offence. The restrictions have, of course to be reasonable meaning there by that; they must have a direct nexus with the ground on which they are imposed (Sawant, 1997). They should also not be in excess of the purpose sought to be achieved or supplant the freedom itself . Again, the media, when run as a business, is also subject to the restrictions, which may be imposed by the state on any business, under Article 19(6) of the constitution. The principles of the censorship set out in section 5-B of the Cinematograph (Amendment) Act, 1959 states: A film shall not be certified for public exhibition if, in the opinion of the authority competent to grant the certificate the film or any part of it against the interests of security of the state, public order, decency or morality, or involves defamation or contempt of court, or is likely to incite the commission of an offence. This sub section is in agreement with article 19(2) of the constitution. Sub-section (2) of section 5-B states, Subject to the conditions contained in sub-section -1, the central government may issue such directions as it may think fit, setting out the principles which shall guide the authority competent to grant certificate under this act in sanctioning films for public exhibition. In a celebrated Supreme Court judgment in 1970, in the case brought before it by K.A. Abbas, regarding his film A Tale of Four Cities declared that, censorship falls under constitutional guarantee of freedom of speech and expression and that while pre censorship of films does not contravene those guarantees per se, is still a justifiable issue and cannot be decided by a government official (Dayal, 1987). The Supreme Court has indicated that , Censorship in India (and pre-censorship is not different in quality) has full justification in the field of exhibition of cinema films and the censorship imposed on the making and exhibition of films is in the interest of the society. If the regulations venture into something, which goes beyond the legitimate opening to restrictions, they can be questioned on the ground that a legitimate power is being abused. We hold, therefore, that censorship of films, including prior restraint, is justified under our constitution (Vasudev, 1978). The enquiry committee on film censorship in 1968, known as the Khosla Committee, in its report submitted in 1969, said, in the case of films Censorship can be deemed to be reasonable restrictions on the right of freedom of expression. Provided that the nature and extent of this control or restriction is related to the maters mentioned in Article 19(2) of the Indian constitution. Censorship must be authorized by law, and must be confined within the limits permitted by law and the provisions of the constitution. To extend the scope of censorship to considerations of public taste and ban a mater which does not fall within the limits of the reasonable restrictions clause would not be legal(Vasudev,1979). As such, the legal boundaries of Artistic freedom and its limits are well settled. But, the issue beyond the legal framework, which comes into the fore in any discussion of the moral basis of cinema censorship, is its social impact. Social Impacts of Films Any discussion on films and society confronts a vital question dose cinemas have any impact on the society. There are two schools of thought on this issue among film makers. One line of thinking believe that films can never affect or reform the social body or the events taking place within it, but the other believes that the medium does have a direct or indirect impact on social streams, even though it may not be immediately perceptible. The former cites the example that just after a couple of excellent anti-war films were exhibited, the second world war engulfed humanity hence cinema cannot and should not offer any solutions for social problems raised by its writer and directors, by its content and style. The mere exposition of the problem is enough and there ends cinemas artistic obligation as well as compulsion. The later, however, stretches cinemas role further to promote a thought process and line of action where by the viewers are provoked into trying a change for the better. F ilms, which talked directly and movingly about the wrongs of society, go on to influence it and shape it along better lines. The most important contribution of cinema to society is that by sheer usage it has grown to be a standard reference for most kinds of questions and situations, where elementary knowledge and practice are needed (Rangoonwalla, 1995:7). The mass mind picks up such points largely and stores them in some mental corner, to be reactivated while seeking or giving answers and guidance. Some of the life patterns and conclusions propagated by them could be having social repercussions below the outer of everyday life. Violence, crime and sex are made to look easy and frivolous, without much of retribution to follow. The magic of cinema is virtually unfathomable. The very mention of cinema conjures up a rainbow of captivating images. A vital aspect of Indian cinema is its unifying character. The Indian films have been subtly albeit consistently promoting the ideas of national integration and communal harmony. A part of the socio-economic cultural transformation can be attributed to the cinema as films usually generate social mobility, fluidity and an overall sense of oneness among people of different backgrounds (Rangoonwalla, 1995:7).The society is ripe with cases of crimes and criminals being emulated from the screen and so also the attitude to suicide as a way of dejection, mostly in love. Fashion including smoking and drinking, in many cases, are inspired from cinema characters. The vast fan followings of stars like Rajesh Khanna, Amitabh Bachhan, Mithun Chatkrabothy are eloquent testimony to the social impacts of films. A study by Dr. Sativa Bhakry shows that Cinema can play both positive as well as negative roles in society. It can have positive impacts in terms of providing entertainment, enhancing information and knowledge, sensitizing people about urgent issues of society, in creating sociability and offering catharsis. It offers release from tensions of daily life. Cinema can also play an equally negative role in teaching wrong values, generating social and sexual violence and crime, providing escape from reality into a dream world of fantasy instead of facing up to the problems of life, encouraging adoption of destructive role models and in encouraging cynicism about social institutions (Bhakhry, 1995:71-76). VI. Philosophical Foundations of Cinema Censorship Platos polemics of art and artists urged strict censorship of the arts because of their influence on moulding peoples characters (Rufus, 2010). Using his theory of forms, Plato claimed that artists and poets couldnt usually explain their works; as they are seized by irrational inspiration, a sort of divine madness (Bruce, 1998). Much of his writings reflect the belief that the vital opinions of the community could be shaped by law and that men could be penalized for saying things that offended public sensibilities, undermined common morality, or subverted the institutions of the community (Jowett, 2010). Acclaimed film critic and a spiritual champion of the right to freedom of expression, Noel Burch (1973) approved the censorship mechanism when he claimed I doubt if anybody will advocate freedom from interference of the state machinery to be extended to the commercial exploitation of a powerful medium of expression and entertainment like cinema. One can imagine the results if an unbridled commercial cinema is allowed to cater to the lowest common denominator of popular taste, especially in a country which after two centuries of political domination , is still suffering from confusion and debasement of cultural values. Freedom of expression cannot, and should not be interpreted as a license for the cinemagnates to make money by pandering to and thereby propagating, shoddy and vulgar taste. While emphasizing the role of cinema as a vehicle of modernism, Indias first Prime Minister Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru has also advocated some amount of social control to ward off its bad effects (Vasudev, 1978:107). Nehrus response to a public petition urging him to curb the evil influences of films not only brought the citizenry within the domain of film censorship but also legitimised their exercise of power. Tanuja Chandra claims that the artists have every right to give expression to the work of art and viewers have an equal right to reject it, if they do not like it either in part or whole. Therefore, cinema like other potent media, such as press, drama and fiction should be left under the common law. The entertainment part of cinema, she argues is of much important than the emotional part. But, it seems, the Indian society has still miles to go before accepting this argument. Veteran actor turned Member of Parliament Satrughna Sinha claims that in a country like India films reach the widest possible and most diversified audience. As a medium of mass communication it can exercise the most tremendous and potent influence on the public. The rampant use of blatant sex and gruesome violence (as commodities for sale by the producers) can terribly shake a nation; the ruinous elements can easily shatter the society before the common law can give protection. As such censorship cannot be unreas onable, if it is within limits (TOI, 2006). Sinha disagrees with Tanuja Chandras suggestion that it should be left to the public to decide what to see and what not and says it cannot be left entirely to the public, this way even blue films could be fair game.(Thapar, 1998). Even he rejects former Censor Board chief Vijay Anands suggestion to replace the system of cuts with ratings and claims that replacing the present system of cuts with ratings will reduce our Technicolor cinema into blue films (Sengupta, 2002). John Dayal Claims that more and more people, especially the younger, look forward to watch the blatant display of sex and violence on the screen. If this virus is allowed to the artery of our national blood, the society will be infested with unruly elements with hardly any care for our social values and traditional tenets, which will eventually lead to chaos and anarchy in the society. Curbs are, therefore, necessary to protect the moral health of the nation and to ensure that cinema does not hurt the sensibilities or interests of the extraordinarily heterogeneous people that constitute the Indian nation (Dayal, 1987:61). Acclaimed film critic Nikhat Kazmi finds no harm in showing a couple kissing as a mark of love and affection, because rapes and murders are not caused only because of films; rather they are the prime instincts of belligerence and sex that are inherent in every human being. She claims that censorship is irrelevant in the present age when cyber space offers its unlimited frontiers at the click of a mouse (Kazmi, 2002). When satellite television brings it all unhindered into the bedroom itself, censorship has virtually nothing to do with the Indian Cinema. Responding to the demands of the digital era, many nations have, in fact, repealed their obscenity laws and have dropped legal barriers against pornography for adults. Supporting these arguments, Tanuja Chandra, an acclaimed film producer in India, terms the Indian censorship guidelines totally redundant. She says the censor rule book, a relic of British colonialism, is completely outdated, it sticks out like a priest who tries to cur b freedom of expression with a ruler in his hands(Kazmi,2002). Citing the censor board decisions as irrational and inconsistent, some film makers claim that at times the censors object to sex, at times to violence and at times even to something as ridiculous as a woman smoking a cigarette (Jha, 1999). Hinting at the vulnerability of the censors, veteran film actor, producer and director Dev Anand says that the Censor Boards limited authority and accountability to the central government, in fact, leads to its play-safe attitude. He opined that the censor board is a puppet in the hands of the central governmentà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦ guidelines seems to change every time a government changes (Jha, 1999). Opposing censorship in any form, he argue that every clipping in a film is condemnable and only rating is permissible as in the Hollywood film industry. These conflicting arguments and the apparent vertical split in the film industry shows our state of confusion and failure in taking a categorical position on the issue. Perhaps, the country has not yet reached a stage where censorship in cinema is to be scrapped altogether. The safest choice, therefore, is to take appropriate steps to make our censor mechanism more effective rather than attempting to abolish it. VII. Research Design and Methods Analysing a complex issue like film censorship demands a multidisciplinary approach. Constitutional and legal provisions, judgements of Supreme Court and High Courts, observations of various committees and commissions on limits of the rights Emmahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07720620534852515859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6280518987111827984.post-47637418470943614702020-01-19T21:08:00.001-08:002020-01-19T21:08:32.715-08:00Comparison Of Martin Luther King Jr And Malcom X :: Compare Contrast EssaysThey were black men who had a dream, but never lived to see it fulfilled. One was a man who spoke out to all humanity, but the world was not yet ready for his peaceful words. "I have a dream, a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed... that all men are created equal." (Martin Luther King) The other, a man who spoke of a violent revolution, which would bring about radical change for the black race. "Anything you can think of that you want to change right now, the only way you can do it is with a ballot or a bullet. And if you're not ready to get involved with either one of those, you are satisfied with the status quo. That means we'll have to change you." (Malcom X) While Martin Luther King promoted non-violence, civil rights, and the end to racial segregation, a man of the name of Malcom X dreamed of a separate nation. Martin Luther King, Jr. was the conscience of his generation. A Southerner, a black man, he gazed upon the great wall of segregation and saw that the power of love could bring it down. From the pain and exhaustion of his fight to free all people from the bondage of separation and injustice, he wrung his eloquent statement of what America could be. (Ansboro, pg.1) An American clergyman and a Nobel Peace Prize winner, he was one of the principle leaders of the American Civil Rights Movement and a prominent advocate of nonviolent protest. King's challenges to segregation and racial discrimination in the 1950's and 1960's, helped convince many white Americans to support the cause of civil rights in the United States. After his assassination in 1968, King became the symbol of protest in the struggle for racial justice. ("King, Martin Luther, Jr.," pg. 1) In 1964, Malcom X founded an organization called "The Muslim Mosque, Inc. In an interview conducted by A.B. Spellman on March 19, 1964, Malcom speaks of his goals for this organization. "The Muslim Mosque, Inc. will have as its religious base the religion of Islam, which will be designed to propagate the moral reformations necesary to up the level of the so-called Negro community by eliminating the vices and other evils that destroy the moral fiber of the community. But the political philosophy of the Muslim Mosque will be black nationalism, as well as the social and economic philosophies. Emmahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07720620534852515859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6280518987111827984.post-49292989699648467662020-01-11T17:32:00.001-08:002020-01-11T17:32:03.885-08:00Marketing Plan of TATA SKY EssayPrice: Tata Sky has offered competitive pricing but has been on the higher end and its due to promotional campaigns it has added in incentives leading to increase in customer base. In search of newer audiences in smaller towns, DTH operator Tata Sky is introducing a new Rs 99 package ââ¬â Super Hit Pack 2. Customer Services: Tata sky offers an excellent website and dedicated customer line. They have the concept of registered mobile number providing easy communication. But their Customer service lines are always busy and the waiting period is usually very long. This may be an irritant for existing customers. 6 3. Reception: The reception is usually excellent in comparison to existing cable TV. But during monsoons and Cloudy days they are affected. The rate of signal distortion is more for Community dishes in comparison to Individual dishes. This technical problem should be sorted. 4. Program Choices: After litigations, Tata sky is able to offer huge bouquet of channels but it is still less compared to the Cable TV. They should ensure extensive program choices to induce switching from Cable to DTH 5. New Technology: Tata sky Plus is an initiative in this direction. Various services under Active are part of this Technology game. Being a interactive and dynamic offering would increase its appeal. 6. Technical Support: Technical support system of Tata sky is well establishes. If a 24 hrs limit can be provided for all complaints and work on ââ¬Ëholidaysââ¬â¢ when people are generally home could be sold as a USP. Tata Sky as a product has evolved from the time to inception. Further to enhance the product, new services and technologies can be imbibed like: 1. Common Dish per house for Multiple Television sets 2. Combined Product with Television ââ¬â Rural Areas , especially and Niche Segment Targeting if Combined with LCDs 3. Connectivity with other digital Monitors like Laptops for Commercial Usage 4. Guide can be displayed in Multiple Regional Languages 5. Voice over in Multiple Languages (Currently limited availability in for some programs) 6. Interactive Video Games (with consol) 7. Inclusion of Radio Reception. Development of Visual Radio service. 8. Variety in Movie Listing with Bollywood, Hollywood and Regional Channels 9. Special channels for Songs Request like Jukebox could be launched 10. Stock Market related interactive service on Active 7 Price Competition has increased may fold with completion providing freebies and slashing prices. The following price related strategies could be adopted, which may lead to a short term loss but a medium term break even and profit: 1. Free Set Top: Following the line of Dish TV, Set top Boxes can be given free while ensuring lock in by providing base pack free for limited time duration, thus inducing update to next level. 2. Lock in of 1 year: Ensure long term lock ins by providing incentives for pre payment of long term charges. Continue with current strategy of providing 2 months free on payment of 10 months services. 3. Multiple Connections: Provide discounts for consumers buying second Tata Sky Connection (up to 50% off) 4. Encourage References: Provide discounts on Monthly charges if reference from existing consumer becomes a new customer. 5. Regional Disparity: Provide free regional packs in local areas to ensure switch from Cable TV to DTH service, i. e. provide free south Jumbo pack for customers in all Southern States. 6. Community Dish: Provide Incentives in the form of Free Months charges for first 3-6 months and reduce the Installation charges per flat. Emmahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07720620534852515859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6280518987111827984.post-3717482743963063922020-01-03T13:56:00.001-08:002020-01-03T13:56:02.328-08:00The Principles of Mental Health Promotion in Relation to... Abstract The experience of refugees comes with different effects on the health of individuals and their families. While health issues affecting refugees differ depending on the area of origin, temperament and extent of the refugee experience, there is an increased demand for productive mental health promotion policies that raises the mental health promotion practices and policies for refugees worldwide. The increasing global recognition of the call to promote mental health is a fundamental portion of enhancing population well-being and health besides lowering the increasing burden of mental health problems among refugees. These efforts call for dissemination and identification of sustainable and effective mental health promotion and prevention interventions. This paper discusses the principles of mental health promotion in relation to the mental health of refugees. The paper brings together feasible nurses intervention strategies that promote the mental wellbeing and develop emotional resilie nce of refugees and their families. Introduction Mental health promotion refers to the development of positive mental health for, and with communities and individuals, experiencing mental health issues (Wand 2011, p. 131). It entails a sustainable and strategic perspective to minimizing and eliminating the aspects that promote loss of wellbeing and distress. 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Analyse how adults and children can challenge bias and discrimination issues Explore ways of respecting equality and diversity requirements in relation to identity to include, language, gender, social class, disability, age, religion, dietary considerations, ethnic groups, Traveller community, marital status and sexual orientation. Design a mission statement for the ECCE setting with respect to Emmahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07720620534852515859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6280518987111827984.post-76945732921545433512019-12-26T10:22:00.001-08:002019-12-26T10:22:04.528-08:00The World s Imperial Power - 863 Words The chapter begins by discussing how Jose Marti began a rebellion for the Cubans against the last Spanish holdings in the Americas. While Marti began to restore freedom to the Cubans from the Spanish, his next big task would be that of military occupation and political domination by the United States. At this time the United States was regarded as the worldââ¬â¢s imperial power. The chapter then goes on to discussed nationalism where once a ruler fell from his position, the power should be drawn from those who were within the state. These nations or nation-states as they were called bought about a great sense of independence, liberty and togetherness. Nation-states were composed of a group of people who had common culture, customs, traditions etc. During the late nineteenth century some of the worldââ¬â¢s largest nationââ¬â¢s states included: the United States, Japan, England etc. In order for a country to become a nation-state it must build upon its territory. New territories were so important to these nations that they tried to colonize people as far as Africa to the Amazon and California to Korea. Although the expanding caused people to leave their homelands to look for better opportunity, on the other hand American capitalist invested outside the United States, British investors financed the construction of railroads in China and India and raw mat erials from Africa and Southeast Asia were sent to the Americas and Europe. However nations and empires did not coincide when empireShow MoreRelated The English Patient Essay1449 Words à |à 6 PagesPatient, is a man in an Imperial time and world. The people in this world live by Imperial rules and perpetuate Imperial stereotypes. The film takes place in World War II era Africa, and as the film portrays it, in the mysterious and exotic Sahara desert and in Cairo, Egypt. Count Almasyââ¬â¢s character lives in the desert among imperial explorers and in the desert environment full of natives who bring to life classic stereotypes full of ignorance and white prevalence and power. Ella Shohat and RobertRead MoreThe Treaty Of Paris ( 1763 )952 Words à |à 4 Pagesdistinct from Treaty of Paris (1815) which solidified Napoleon s defeat in Europe, and the Treaty of 1856 which concluded the Crimean War (1853-1856). By the conditions of the 1763 Treaty, which was conjointly signed with t he Treaty of Habertusburg (1763), France ceded to the British Empire holdings in India in addition to its territories in North America east of the Mississippi River with the exception of New Orleans. While France s Louisiana territories west of the Mississippi were given to SpainRead MoreSomalia1276 Words à |à 6 Pagestheir empires. In enforcing these policies, imperial powers spread numerous effects over the span of the globe. The question is, were the effects of imperialism beneficial or detrimental to the colonized nations? For the nation of Somalia, it is clear that imperialism was nothing but a perversion of justice, as their bloody post-independence history in particular shows when compared with the peace that existed pre-imperialism. The British and Italian imperial policies proved destructive to the nationRead MoreThe Cold War : A Conflict Between Capitalist And Communist Nations Of The World989 Words à |à 4 Pagesbetween the capitalist and communist nations of the wo rld that lasted from the end of World War 2 into the 1990 s. Problems created by the Cold War still exist today, although many of the combat countries do not directly. Capitalist nations are sometimes referred to as the First world, communist nations are often called the Second world, and the developing nations of Latin America, Africa, the Middle East, and Asia are often referred to the Third world. 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A numerous number of presidents follow the footsteps of presidents before them, in order to live in the shadow, they leave behind. Residing by the thought of, given that the president achieved his successes during his office, they try to repeat the same ideaRead MoreIn the Devils Snare Book Report1585 Words à |à 7 PagesElliot, J.H., Imperial Spain: 1469-1716. London: Penguin Books, 1963. 423pgs. In Imperial Spain, J.H. Elliot examines the history of early modern Spain from the reign of the Catholic Monarchs, Isabella and Ferdinand, to the reformation of the Spanish government by the first member of the Bourbon dynasty. According to the author, at the start of the 15th century, Spain was internally weak, hopelessly divided and isolatedRead More History of Germany Essay1416 Words à |à 6 Pagesand heritage, yet plagued by the fallout of World War I and World War II, has progressed to become the centerpiece of the European Union and the worldââ¬â¢s third richest economy. 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By writing in theRead MoreThe Epic Of Gilgamesh 1523 Words à |à 7 Pagespresented as the strongest and handsome man in the world but this makes the king feel superior to his subjects.ââ¬â¢ Gilgamesh exploits young men through tiresome activities. In addition, Gilgamesh sexually exploits young women in his Kingdom until the residents of Urk cannot take any more and prays to gods for deliverance. The god Adu hears the residentsââ¬â¢ travails and commands the goddess Aruru to revenge by creating another man with same supernatural powers as Gilgamesh. Aruru creates Ekindu, a man who Emmahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07720620534852515859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6280518987111827984.post-47734595987551497712019-12-18T06:11:00.001-08:002019-12-18T06:11:03.530-08:00Poverty and Underdevelopment of India - 1911 Words Health- education linkages inequality in distribution of stock of human capital means underinvestment on the one hand and mal-investment on the other, as total and per capita stocks of human capital figures in women and backward castes indicate. Perhaps, the main reason lies in the failure of human investment revolution in economic thought to really revolutionize common thinking. individuals as well as state policy makers still perceive education expenditure as consumption and as a burden on the state which reduces public savings. it is misleading to treat public expenditures of backward castes and women as welfare but must be treated as capital formation. Poverty and underdevelopment of India does not permit adequate investment in general, including education. From the private angle, weaker sections who should invest more in education have their present consumption needs focusing on survival where education is perceived as luxury. Even if people took loans, they prefer investment in more tangible and resale able assets which yield higher ROR in short gestation periods to investment in human capital. The state is constrained by its available resources and by its welfare expenditure approach to education. Further, the capital market is too poorly organized to provide funds for investment in education. Thus to bring equity in distribution of human capital between different groups serious efforts have to be made towards reducing discrimination in schooling, improvingShow MoreRelatedThe World Bank And Its Effects On Developing Countries Essay1572 Words à |à 7 Pagesmore towards poverty reduction in developing countries, mainly through f inancial and technical support, and many critics analyze the World Bankââ¬â¢s involvement in these poverty-stricken countries. The main theoretical schools of thought, from Robert Gilpinââ¬â¢s The Issue of Dependency and Economic Development, are one example of how organizations like the World Bank are judged. The most prominent theories from the reading are the economic liberalist, classical Marxism, and the underdevelopment position.Read MoreReaction to the Film Ghandi Essay1433 Words à |à 6 Pages educational, and inspirational. The film traces Indias rocky path towards decolonization, led by the Great Spirit Ghandi. 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For the economic development of our country, the development of rural areas and the standard of livingRead MoreEducation In India1453 Words à |à 6 Pagesthe others. The untouchables are more definite. In north India only a very small number, doing scavenging or unclean work is considered untouchables. Fa-Hein tells us that when he visited the persons who removed human faces were untouchables. In south India, the numbers are much larger. How they began and grew to such numbers it is difficult to say. Probably those who were engaged in occupations considered unclean were so treated later landless agricultural labours may have been added (Sharma, Nehru Read MoreShort Essay on History of India1551 Words à |à 7 Pages SHORT ESSAY ON HISTORY OF INDIA India has frequently been subjected to horrors of famine. From 1858 to the end of the 19th century, more than twenty famines occurred in India. A major characteristic of British rule in India, and the net result of British economic policies, was the prevalence of extreme poverty among its people. While historian disagree on the question whether India was getting poorer or not under British rule, there is no disagreement on the fact that throughout the periodRead MoreThe Underdevelopment Of Bharat.1438 Words à |à 6 PagesThe Underdevelopment of Bharat A 31-year-old man from the nearby village is scrounging for food, clothes, and coins to provide for his family. His drunken behavior, rag-like clothing, half-shaven face, and hungry eyes glare out into the busy streets of the city. He watches as the young, foolish, innocent, and inexperienced lawyer, fresh out of grad school, takes the job that should have been his. 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As example China and India has improved and are moving toward better health care and small families like develop countries. He also compared the income distribution in the world and found out that there wasnââ¬â¢t a gap between rich and poor anymore and that there were a lot ofRead MoreWater Is The Most Precious, Limited Natural Resources1234 Words à |à 5 Pages I selected Bihar because it is Indiaââ¬â¢s third-most populous state with a population of 103 million according to the 2011 Census. Bihar has the lowest literacy rate which results in a lack of skilled workers lower per capita which reflects in the poverty rating of Bihar. Nearly 85% of Biharââ¬â¢s population lives in rural areas. The average life expectancy for a woman living in rural Bihar has the life expectancy of 77 years while their male counterparts have a life expectancy of 60 years. The economyRead MoreHealth Is Man s Natural Condition, His Birth Right Essay1616 Words à |à 7 Pageswhich have alternate useâ⬠(Robbins). This, however, is debatable because many believe that poverty is the basic cause of ill-health. This leads one to wonder whether public spending on poverty alleviation programmes can be an alternate to public spending on health. However, the various poverty alleviation programmes in the past have not led to any significant change in the poverty status of the people in India, which has been seen at around 37% as per the Tendulkar Committee report. Following the Emmahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07720620534852515859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6280518987111827984.post-83015780557744967132019-12-10T02:54:00.001-08:002019-12-10T02:54:03.202-08:00Procter and Gamble Company Supply Chain Management Question: Describe about the Supply Chain Management of Procter and Gamble Company? Answer: Introduction: This paper highlights the various aspects of using a supply chain management software in an organization. In order to do so, the supply chain management software used by the US based multinational company Procter and Gamble has been considered. Supply chain management (SCM) Supply Chain Management (SCM) is the activity of managing the flow of goods into and out of an organization and the associated services (Cao, Ren, Shi Li, 2011). The activity includes management of the procurement and storage of the raw materials that the business needs for its production, the management of the inventory of the ongoing products and that of the finished goods: starting right from the point that the raw materials are produced to the point at which they are consumed (Demmer, Weinmiller Pieroth, 2004). The interconnection of mutually linked business nodes, business channels and network which are responsible for providing the services and products of the company to the customers form a supply chain. The technology of supply chain management can technically be defined as the process which looks after the design of a supply chain, the plan of its execution, the actual process of execution, the control over the execution process, and performs the monitoring of various supp ly chain functionalities with the aim to create a net value, and build an infrastructure which would be competitive, would be able to leverage logistics from all over the world , would be able to synchronize the supply of the products according to the worldwide demands and thus be able to measure the performance of the product globally (Han Thomas, 2013). The activities which are performed in the process of Supply Change Management have the ability to help an organization to effectively increase the efficiency of the production cycle of the products, while a downward pressure will be put on its costs, so as to implement a safeguard procedure towards the maintaining and if possible, increasing the profit . Procter and Gamble Company: the history of supply chain management Procter Gamble Co., famously known as the PG Co, is actually a multinational company based in the United States of America. The company produces goods for consumers and has its headquarters located in downtown Cincinnati, Ohio, the United States of America. The company was actually founded by British nationals James Gamble and William Procter, hence the name of the company.Procter and Gamble manufactures a very wide range of consumer products which include products used for the purpose of personal care, for cleaning agents, food for animals and pets and much more. The Procter and Gamble company also used to manufacture edibles, that is, food products and beverages before they actually sold of company sold off Pringles to their prime competitor company, the Kellogg Company. PG had declared a total revenue sale of $83.1 billion in the year 2014. Until the year 1987, the pattern of accepting or processing orders in the sector of supply chain for consumer products was hugely dependent on the terms and decisions made in between the sales officer of the manufacturer and the retail customer. The situation continued until Procter Gamble incorporated a mainframe computer application from the IT vendor IBM, which aimed at "continuous replenishment" of goods. P G appointed IBM to re-engineer the whole application such that it could be used in retail sectors dealing with consumer products, re-wrote it for consumer goods to retail sectors dealing with consumer products, thus dramatically changing the management of supply chain. The whole process of ordering now became based on proper sales data and revenue generation. This particular application was re-engineered several times more in order to be implemented into other domains and as a result dramatically changed that entire process of value chain by driving orders based on DC withdr awals and sales data (Han Thomas, 2013). In a legendary meeting in between the then CEO of PG company and Sam Walton, a CR program was devised which later on changed the history of supply change management. This particular program became instrumental in propelling Wal-Mart towards retail dominance, thereby building the foundations for various other strategies like Category Management, Continuous Planning, Efficient Consumer Response (ECR), Forecasting and Replenishment (CPFR), and much more (McLaren Manatsa, 2011). The supply chain management software used by Procter and Gamble: PG manages inventories for most of the large retailers who buy food, mass merchandise and drug from them. The representatives of the customer service of the company use CRP for the purpose of monitoring the movement of products at the distribution center of the retailer, based on goods that being sold every day or the replenishments of these goods and their movements, and thus are able to make short term predictions on the movement of goods and the condition of the inventory. The daily replenishment process of the company can be handled by the software itself and it needs no or very less human intervention for the process, until and unless there are situations which can be thought of being exceptions or situations that fall outside the established domain or parameters (Mohtashami, Deek Im, 2011). These customer service representatives are able to maintain a consistent and close collaborative business relationship with the retail customers or partners, with the aim of facilitating the forecast of any promotional replenishments or customized offers more accurately than ever before (Priem Swink, 2012). The company representative and the category manager of the companys retailer customer can decide on the amount of the order of any promotional product or offer product. This particular figure then has to be manually inserted into the database system that CRP supply chain management program that IBM maintains for Procter and Gamble. Based on these figures, the software is able to calculate or estimate the total amount of replenishment that the retail customer would need ('Special Topic Forum on Resources and Supply Chain Management', 2013). The competitive advantage of information flow in P and Gs supply chain management software: The information flow in the supply chain management software used by Procter and Gamble was one of its kinds. Its unique facilities provided the organization with exact figures and numbers of product that the retail customers of the company require. This information helps in the process of timely shipment of orders to the right customers, such that the P and G products are always available in the market. Beside creating and maintaining the goodwill of the company, the replenishment strategy also lets the company keep a keen eye on their exact figure of productions (Viterouli, 2014). The company can track all their products very minutely and decide on which range of products need further promotions, which products need to be rebranded and products need to be re launched in the market ('Special Topic Forum on Supply Chain Management in Emerging Markets: Critical Research Issues', 2013). A tight vigilance on all the products of the company, the revenue generated by them and an assumptio n of popularity of a product the market based on the patterns of replenishment that retail customers need, has helped P G to maintain the quality of their products. Even various management decisions including those of streamlining their various products and selling off others to their competitors are taken based on information gather from their replenishment system (Tate Ellram, 2012). Benefits experienced by P G Company after incorporating the Supply Chain Management software: After incorporating the supply chain management system in their business strategy, P G has been benefitted in the following ways (Viterouli, 2014): Complete and on time orders which have been invoiced correctly and which have been delivered without any damage to the products are termed as perfect orders. After the incorporation of the supply chain management software in their business, P Gs perfect orders were increased by about 5 percent on what previously was. The reports of damaged products reduced by 19%. Reports of retail customers returning product orders due to damaged products, incomplete orders, untimely orders and/or incomplete invoice have reduced by 36%. Production plants suffer from surges in manufacture of products, from time to time, due to the variability in shipments and sales of products. However after incorporating the supply chain management software, P G has been able to reduce such surges in production as the software is able to level up the peaks and valleys of demand. The reduction in the surge of products have helped in maintaining the quality of the products and also makes the maintenance of the machineries used in the production plants easier than before. As replenishment orders from the retail customers can be predicted before hand, transit facilities can also be planned previously. This procedure has actually reduced the transit and transport charges of the company by a whopping 38%. The savings from this sector alone proves the utility of using the supply chain management system in the organization. Conclusion: An in-detailed discussion about the supply chain management software used in the organization has been made in this report. Reference: Cao, C., Ren, C., Shi, W., Li, J. (2011). A Study on Supply Chain Management of Software-Focused Products. AMM, 66-68, 995-1000. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.66-68.995 Demmer, A., Weinmiller, S., Pieroth, G. (2004). Investitionsrechnung bei Procter Gamble Value Finders at Work. Controlling Und Management, 48(S1), 6-14. doi:10.1007/bf03255751 Dodgson, M., Gann, D., Salter, A. (2006). The role of technology in the shift towards open innovation: the case of Procter Gamble. RD Management, 36(3), 333-346. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9310.2006.00429.x Han, C., Thomas, S. (2013). Is Open Innovation Working? The Case of Procter Gamble. Academy Of Management Proceedings, 2013(1), 16776-16776. doi:10.5465/ambpp.2013.16776abstract McLaren, T., Manatsa, P. (2011). Distinguishing the indistinguishable: exploring differences in supply chain software packages using centering resonance text analysis. International Journal Of Logistics Systems And Management, 8(2), 167. doi:10.1504/ijlsm.2011.038601 Mohtashami, M., Deek, F., Im, I. (2011). Critical factors in collaborative software development in supply chain management. IJITM, 10(2/3/4), 233. doi:10.1504/ijitm.2011.042589 Priem, R., Swink, M. (2012). A Demand-side Perspective on Supply Chain Management. J Supply Chain Manag, 48(2), 7-13. doi:10.1111/j.1745-493x.2012.03264.x Special Topic Forum on Resources and Supply Chain Management. (2013). J Supply Chain Manag, 49(3), 111-111. doi:10.1111/jscm.12028 Special Topic Forum on Supply Chain Management in Emerging Markets: Critical Research Issues. (2013). J Supply Chain Manag, 49(1), 116-116. doi:10.1111/jscm.12017 Tate, W., Ellram, L. (2012). Service Supply Management Structure in Offshore Outsourcing. J Supply Chain Manag, 48(4), 8-29. doi:10.1111/j.1745-493x.2012.03283.x Viterouli, M. (2014). How can a company increase its market share? The case of Procter Gamble. International Journal Of Decision Sciences, Risk And Management, 5(4), 421. doi:10.1504/ijdsrm.2014.068159 Emmahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07720620534852515859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6280518987111827984.post-86211847682077378372019-12-02T14:35:00.001-08:002019-12-02T14:35:03.533-08:00The Effects of Rap Music on Children free essay sample There is no danger of developing eyestrain from looking on the bright side of things. â⬠This quote fits perfectly with this topic. Too many people look at the negativities in music, Rap music to be specific. Rap music can have negative effects on those who listen to it, but just as easily and equally have a positive and beneficial outcome. Yes, many rappers use vulgar derogative terms to describe women and may influence its listeners to break the law or things of the like; but it can also open our eyes, we can learn new things from it and it can influence us to be better people and do things, good things, with our lives. Now Rap isnââ¬â¢t anything new itââ¬â¢s been around since about the 1970ââ¬â¢s and been influencing those who listen to it for about 40 years now (ââ¬Å"Rapâ⬠). When people hear the term ââ¬Å"rap musicâ⬠their initial thought will be ââ¬Å"thatââ¬â¢s badâ⬠or ââ¬Å"thatââ¬â¢s demeaning to womenâ⬠which in a sense is true. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Rap Music on Children or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For example the song ââ¬Å"Walk this wayâ⬠performed by Aerosmith and Run D. M. C. is about how a young high school student is lead through his first sexual experience by a debauched cheerleader. In a better known song ââ¬Å"Make it Rainâ⬠by Fat Joe he says ââ¬Å"Owwwww mamis body is banging, man/ she got it, man/ she does it all She gets it popping with no handsâ⬠And then thereââ¬â¢s the song almost everybody knows by Jay-Z. ââ¬Å"99 problemsâ⬠, where he refers to women as ââ¬Å"bitchesâ⬠. Songs like these make women seem like tools and expendable creatures, and may influence children that listen to this type of rap to treat women as such, ââ¬Å"but many of them were influenced as teenagers by gangster rap. Perhaps I should start using words like, niggers, hoes and slut-bitches since I would only be reflecting my societys musicâ⬠(Leary). But the best example, to make this point clear, is the music video ââ¬Å"Every girlâ⬠by ââ¬Å"Young Moneyâ⬠. In the video there are females dressed promiscuously throughout and the lyricist admits to wishing he could have sexual intercourse with every girl in the world. There many other songs that contain this type of disrespect towards the female sex, which gives a more credible argument to those who donââ¬â¢t like rap. Another point people may make against Rap music is the fact that many Rappers Rap and live very violently. Eminem is at the top of my list when it comes to being violent. Thereââ¬â¢s the song ââ¬Å"Who knew? â⬠in which he defends himself by saying: ââ¬Å"I never knew I, knew Id effect this kid/ I never knew Id, get him to slit his wrist/ I never knew Id, get him to hit this bitchâ⬠Although the song in and of itself is a bit ironic, Eminem acknowledges the fact that now he knows he can influence his listeners with his music. And in ââ¬Å"Love the Way you Lieâ⬠in which he says the following verse ââ¬Å"If she ever tries to fucking leave again/ Ima tie her to the bed and set this house on fire. â⬠we see again the violence, and the music video for said song is of a couple who constantly fight and by the end of the song the couples house is up in flames. ââ¬Å"One study found that young subjects who watched violent rap videos were more accepting of violent actionsâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ (Copley) and these lyrics that we very well hear over the radio and in our everyday lives promote breaking or disregarding the law, and many people still stop and wonder why the world is so violent. But like stated at the beginning of this paper there is a bright side to this moon. Before writing this paper laziness overcame me and I began to procrastinate and started listening to music and then the song ââ¬Å"Airplanes Part 2â⬠by B. o. b. feat. Eminem came on. Towards the end of the song Eminem says the words ââ¬Å"Pretend he procrastinated had no motivation/ Pretend he just made excuses that were so paper thin they could blow away with the windâ⬠which is what I was doing and it ââ¬Å"turned me onâ⬠and opened my eyes. As the song finishes Eminem continues to rap in third person about himself and how if it wasnââ¬â¢t for this one moment in his life that he had not chased his dream he wouldnââ¬â¢t be who he wanted to be. I then proceeded to get up and write this paper. So this song had an effect, a positive one on me. And it can have similar effects on others who listen to it. The language most rappers use is profanity, but a handful of rappers use uncommon words to express themselves, which can lead to one finding out the definition of the word and later possibly using them in school work. For example Eminem uses the word ââ¬Å"antidisestablishmentarianismâ⬠which is a political position in the Anglican Church that chooses to withdraw support from certain churches. And needless to say I used it in a world history paper. Thereââ¬â¢s also some songs by the rapper Immortal Technique who uses biblical metaphors in his music like in the song ââ¬Å"Point of no Returnâ⬠he asks us to open our eyes and actually see whatââ¬â¢s going on around us because the end of the world is near. Music like everything else has a good side and a bad side. Most people ignore the good and disregard Rap music as a whole. As expressed in this paper, yes it can have negative effects and influence children to do bad things but it can also influence them in a good way and even give them certain tools to use in the future. Emmahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07720620534852515859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6280518987111827984.post-36923321750014028292019-11-27T03:58:00.001-08:002019-11-27T03:58:03.291-08:00Free Essays on The Assassination Of President John F. KennedyOne of the turning points in American history was the assassination of President John F. Kennedy on Friday, November 22, 1963. This took place in Dealey Plaza in Dallas, Texas. President Kennedy made this trip to Dallas for his 1964 reelection campaign. Kennedy intended to make a speech to the people of Dallas regarding his reelection, but never received an opportunity to do so. Shortly after the assassination, the new President Lyndon Johnson set up the Presidentââ¬â¢s Commission on the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy, headed by Chief Justice Earl Warren. They were to investigate the mysteries of the event. In 1964, the Warren Commission released its report, 26 volumes long. They said that the man who was arrested, the day Kennedy was killed, for killing a Dallas police officer, was the lone assassin. This man, of course, is Lee Harvey Oswald. Oswald himself was murdered on live television, with millions watching, by a Dallas night club owner, and suspected mo bster, Jack Ruby, whose real name was Jack Rubenstein. This happened two days following Kennedyââ¬â¢s assassination. Ruby died of cancer four years later in prison. Starting in 1966, New Orleans District Attorney Jim Garrison started his own investigation of the assassination, which led to a very short-lived trial of an international businessman, Clay Shaw, from New Orleans. Garrison believed him to be part of the conspiracy to kill the President. Lee Harvey Oswald did not kill President Kennedy. There was another shooter, or shooters, most likely behind the picket fence above the grassy knoll. Therefore, there had to be a conspiracy. This negates the conclusion of the Warren Commission. The following pages will analyze the most important and obvious pieces of evidence supporting the theory of a shooter, other than Lee Harvey Oswald, killing the President from the front and right of the Presidentââ¬â¢s position. Physical evidence, including medical evidence... Free Essays on The Assassination Of President John F. Kennedy Free Essays on The Assassination Of President John F. Kennedy One of the turning points in American history was the assassination of President John F. Kennedy on Friday, November 22, 1963. This took place in Dealey Plaza in Dallas, Texas. President Kennedy made this trip to Dallas for his 1964 reelection campaign. Kennedy intended to make a speech to the people of Dallas regarding his reelection, but never received an opportunity to do so. Shortly after the assassination, the new President Lyndon Johnson set up the Presidentââ¬â¢s Commission on the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy, headed by Chief Justice Earl Warren. They were to investigate the mysteries of the event. In 1964, the Warren Commission released its report, 26 volumes long. They said that the man who was arrested, the day Kennedy was killed, for killing a Dallas police officer, was the lone assassin. This man, of course, is Lee Harvey Oswald. Oswald himself was murdered on live television, with millions watching, by a Dallas night club owner, and suspected mo bster, Jack Ruby, whose real name was Jack Rubenstein. This happened two days following Kennedyââ¬â¢s assassination. Ruby died of cancer four years later in prison. Starting in 1966, New Orleans District Attorney Jim Garrison started his own investigation of the assassination, which led to a very short-lived trial of an international businessman, Clay Shaw, from New Orleans. Garrison believed him to be part of the conspiracy to kill the President. Lee Harvey Oswald did not kill President Kennedy. There was another shooter, or shooters, most likely behind the picket fence above the grassy knoll. Therefore, there had to be a conspiracy. This negates the conclusion of the Warren Commission. The following pages will analyze the most important and obvious pieces of evidence supporting the theory of a shooter, other than Lee Harvey Oswald, killing the President from the front and right of the Presidentââ¬â¢s position. Physical evidence, including medical evidence... Emmahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07720620534852515859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6280518987111827984.post-354573429182039992019-11-23T11:32:00.001-08:002019-11-23T11:32:04.242-08:00Free sample - Modern religious faiths characteristics. translation missingModern religious faiths characteristics. Modern religious faiths characteristicsModern religious faiths characteristics Today, millions of people worship various religions around the globe. Two of the major religions in the world are Hinduism and Judaism and they have coexisted for very many years. Whereas they are similar in the way they set their morals and rules, they differ in their believes on the afterlife and on where they started from. While the Jews believe of the heaven as their afterlife, Hindus have a belief that one is reincarnated until he/she reaches the Brahma. Jews have a belief that if one did right in everything while on earth, then they shall expend the eternity in Heaven with their God. Bhaskarananda, 1994 argues that Hindus have believed in Karma which is the faith that if you do good things, then excellent things shall come about to you and vice versa. When one dies in Hinduism, he/she reaches the Brahma where the hurting cycle of rebirth is lastly ended. In Judaism one is supposed to lead a good life and to be kind to each and everyone. If one attains success at this, he/she will lead the whole of eternity in heaven with God. The Jews, adore only one god, who they trust to be the one and only creator and the ruler. Hindus endorse and believe in the Caste System, which is interrelated with their view on reincarnation. Jews necessarily lack this system because they do not characteristically concur with the thought of reincarnation, despite the fact that there are a few, the structure does not subsist as a major thing to this religion. Jews do not have an exact method of steady body discipline, to remain on the unchanged focus as their god, they do something to some extent the same. This is how they pray their God. For Hindus, Yoga is practiced, which is intended to bring their bodies and their souls on the same level and conveys them nearer to the Ultimate Being. According to Hinduism, remaining pure in life and keeping a good karma, as a result of their good dealings on earth is the key to staying a good life. Those who live both socially and morally pure, they get to have their way upwards the Caste System in their after that incarnation. After some reincarnations, the Hindus may accomplish their ultimate goal, which is to achieve faultless peace of mind, and to be one with Brahma. This happens when they have gone through a life having done no mistakes, and have been ââ¬Å"perfectâ⬠in essence. In Judaism an individual endeavors to relate well with their god. Throughout their single life that they go through, they have a trust in God, ââ¬Å"both love him, and reverently fear himâ⬠(Louis, 2007. Pg 511), and to establish a close relationship with him. This is their supreme objective. When they achieve such, ââ¬Å"They will be rewarded by God, the messiah will come, and the dead will be resurrectedâ⬠(Louis, 2007. Pg 511). T he religions most likely wanted its faction to believe in these, for the reason that it gave them something to look ahead to, and it presented them with grounds to be good throughout their life. According to Robert in his anthology of world scriptures, the Hindus have a somewhat unique view on death. Someone who dies, if they are not yet entirely pure, they are reincarnated into another incarnation. This helps them continue their path to ultimate peace and unification with the Ultimate Being (Bhaskarananda, 1994). If a Hindu has no black marks on his soul, and is absolutely pure, they may find this ultimate peace and unification. Their soul will no longer remain in a human body/vessel, but will be one with Brahma. The Jewish view on death is that itââ¬â¢s not something to grieve over, because it is all part of Gods plan, so their time of death, even if it may seem untimely, was planned, and timed perfectly. If the person led a good life, they can look forward to a nice afterlife, similar to the Christian Heaven, but not exactly the same. As they all know that a good person is going to a good place when they die, the death of another is not typically a sad occasion, but th ere may be grieving, in which there is a set process so a mourner can slowly return to a normal life. So after looking at both Hinduism and Judaism, which are some of our oldest popular religions, we can conclude that they are both indeed different. They differ a lot in some of the greater points, such as their 3 main focuses of their religion, their goal of life, and their views on death and dying. As we saw though, these could be somewhat similar in that their goal of life was closely intertwined with their views of death and dying. Though, they are typically different, otherwise. This shows that the religions, Hinduism and Judaism, are some of the most differing religions, as well as some of the most ancient. Robert in his anthology of world scriptures informs that Hinduism was started in India while Judaism started in Israel many years later. The Aryans were the first of the Indian people to establish the Vedas which formed the foundations of the Hindu as a religion. Every law that followed as well as the moral standards of Hinduism was founded off of the Vedas. In Israel just about 3000 B.C.E. people started worshiping God, and live according to the teachings of Moses. Torah, their holy book, comprised of various writings that were supposedly prepared by Moses throughout his 950 year life. These books have teachings about the same moral standards such as; donââ¬â¢t kill, steal, or commit adultery. Most probably, these religions started off where and in the way they did, for the reason that the governments required a way to maintain their people in line, so they came up with these standards and rules by which people could live by. While these two religions differ in some way, they have some similarities like in how they have some particular rules that must be obeyed by their followers who must do so to get to Nirvana. Each of these religions has got guild lines that state what one should do to appease their gods or God and how to be a good person. All of these rules and guild lines have been put down in their holy books; the Vedas and the Torah. These religions most probably had rule books to ensure that the people went by the accurate path and carried out the correct things in life so as to get to a happy and eternal afterlife. Judaism and Hinduism have several differences based on their origins and on their ideas of an afterlife, but they also have some similarities in the way they share laid down regulations that their faction ought to live by. These two religions have got a massive impact on the contemporary, for the reason that they are still put into practice by millions of people across the globe. They educate people how to lead truthful life, and how to be good to other people while they live on Earth. All interviews were done in person with two active members of Judaism and Hinduism. The chosen members are all youthful followers of the two religions respectively. The Hindu is a young man of age 24 years, single, staunch follower of Hinduism as a religion and studying in an American university. Here below are the questions I asked and responses from the young man: 1) What is your religious denomination? Well, I am a part of the Hinduism religion. 2) For how long have you practiced Hinduism? I was born into Hinduism as I was born in India. 3) State three tenets of your religion? The three I can think of off the top of my head is Brahmin, Brahna, and Reincarnation. 4) Who was the founding father Hinduism? The founder of my religion is not known and even the date it started is also not known. 5) What do you love about your religion? I love the fact that my religion is very old. The Orthodox Judaism is a university male student, 23years of age, single, and not a strong follower of Orthodox Judaism as a religion. My face-to-face interview with him ensued into the following discussion: 1) What is your religious denomination? Well, I am an Orthodox Judaism. 2) What is the difference between Christianity and Judaism? In Christianity Jesus is worshiped as the messiah, while Judaism doesn't. Also, Judaism believes in the Old Testament while Christianity believes in the New Testament. 3) Do you people believe that Jesus really existed or do you believe that his being was fictionalized? Our belief is that Jesus existed. In fact, Jesus was a Jew himself! 4) You just decide not to worship him? There is no reason for us to worship Jesus, who is just another man. Actually we are taught that he wasnââ¬â¢t such a good man. 5) So what you mean is that Mary the virgin was not actually a virgin? Hehe! Hehe, thatââ¬â¢s not what I was getting to. I really know little about Jesus, but I know of him to do very un-Jew-like dealings. I donââ¬â¢t want to offend you man, so I am avoiding getting into so much detail about Jesus. Works cited: Bhaskarananda, Swami. ââ¬Å"The Essentials of Hinduism: a comprehensive overview of the world's oldest religionâ⬠Seattle, WA: Viveka Press, 1994. Louis. "Judaism." In Fred Skolnik. Encyclopaedia Judaica. 11 (2d Ed.). Farmington Hills,à à à à à Mich.: Thomson Gale.2007, p. 511. Mary Pat Fisher, Living Religion 7TH edition Robert E. Van Voorst, Anthology of World Scriptures 8th Edition Jacobs, Emmahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07720620534852515859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6280518987111827984.post-78095583879249426392019-11-21T04:53:00.001-08:002019-11-21T04:53:03.172-08:00Employability and Consulting Skills One Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsEmployability and Consulting Skills One - Essay Example The role of the bank lies in mergers and acquisitions, debt and equity markets as well as in liquidity and payments management (Bank of America Merrill Lynch, 2014). The National Bank of Abu Dhabi can be thought of as the emerging bank in this sector. It is the largest lender bank of the country while second largest in UAE. The bank in under expansion on the markets of Hong Kong and have its footprints in Kuala Lumpur. Currently the bank is on the verge to triple its contribution by the introduction of sharia-complaint services in the countries of Oman and Malaysia (National Bank of Abu Dhabi, 2014). The name HSBC is the most popular and renowned name in this sector. The company is headquartered in London and provides financial services to consumers across the world. But the current condition of the bank looks gloomy. It is running on a short fall of $80 billion capitalization. As a result the bank had to restrict large cash withdrawals leaving customers frustrated. However the bank later apologised for the issue. The questionable assets on balance sheet are over rated and analysts consider that the bank needs to inject $58 billion to $111 billion by 2019 to stay afloat (HSBC, 2014). It is not possible to imagine a world without banks. The financial institutions are the cornerstone for the economy and contribute in the economy by transferring risks, providing liquidity as well as with financial information to both businesses and individuals. The role of bank became evident after the financial crisis and caught the attention of the people. Political: The scenario for bank of America Merrill Lynch and HSBC are stable mainly because they operate from developed nations and on the other hand the political tremors and tensions do not lay strong soil for NBAD. Economy: The economic condition for UK and US is more or less on stable grounds. In fact, the UK economy has witnessed fastest growth since 2007. The policies and implementations practiced by the Emmahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07720620534852515859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6280518987111827984.post-13329914903804311822019-11-19T23:32:00.001-08:002019-11-19T23:32:03.236-08:00Cultural Differences and People Management Reflective Journal EssayCultural Differences and People Management Reflective Journal - Essay Example Personally, I had experienced events where cultural differences resulted to conflicts and miscommunication. However, I havenââ¬â¢t understood that cultural differences have the power to intervene at such level in the social and economic life of individuals. Although I feel rather disappointed from the increased power of cultural differences in all areas, I think that hopes can exist for the effective control of crises related to cultural differences. At the same time, I feel that the current effects of cultural differences on the professional and personal life of people could be controlled not just by developing relevant initiatives locally, i.e. in regard to each particular case, but rather through supporting the introduction of relevant legislation. Existing laws seem to be opposed to cultural differences but a closer review of their content would lead to the assumption that the enforcement of these laws can take long while the resources necessary may be difficult to be retrieve d. In addition to the above, the review I made in regard to the specific subject has led me to the following assumption: cultural differences can affect a high range of activities but their existence is not always clear. It is possible for certain organizational or personal problems to be related to other elements of social environment and not to cultural differences. The close examination of these problems can reveal that the role of cultural differences in the appearance and the expansion of these problems can be critical. Evaluation Based on my personal experiences in regard to cultural differences I had the impression that cultural differences can lose their power to affect the personal and economic life of a person if they are treated appropriately with no delay. In other words, I thought that the immediate response to the problems caused by cultural differences would lead to the quick resolution of these problems, prohibiting the expansion of the phenomenon to other areas. How ever, this assumption was not verified in practice. Despite the progress made in regard to the introduction of laws for securing equality and fairness in the workplace and in the context of the family, still cultural differences are quite powerful in influencing the personal and economic life of people of different background. On the other hand, due to the extension of the phenomenon, theorists and researchers had asked to state their view in regard to the current role of cultural differences and to the their expected influences in the future. The intervention of theorists in the exploration of the particular problem can be characterized as quite important, giving the chance for a thorough review of this themeââ¬â¢s aspects and for the identification of methodologies for facing the themeââ¬â¢s challenges. Indeed, it has been proved that through the decades a series of studies has been developed for explaining the reasons and the implications of cultural differences. At the sam e time, suggestions have been made for facing the effects of the phenomenon no matter the local social ethics and culture. Two have been the key findings of the research developed in this field: a) the intervention of cultural differences in political and economic decisions is unavoidable, b) the level at which this intervention can be expanded is depended on the willingness of the people living and acting in the social setting involved for respecting Emmahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07720620534852515859noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6280518987111827984.post-11149984223817455772019-11-17T12:02:00.001-08:002019-11-17T12:02:03.172-08:00Death Penalty Essay Example for Free Death Penalty Essay Capital punishment or also known as death penalty is the killing of an individual by a state which serves as punishment for committing unlawful actions and retribution on behalf of the victims. Several countries such as China, Saudi Arabia, Japan and the United States have retained this process of executing criminal. Different views regarding this issue have arisen but most people especially those governed by religious sectors have went up against the idea of death penalty. Death penalty has already gained its popularity worldwide. In fact, it was often the theme in any debate or even the usual conversation, thus lead to the emergence of several arguments which are in favor and against death penalty. à à à à à à à à à à à Implementation of death penalty has several advantages. Death penalty provides closure to the victimââ¬â¢s families. It was very hard for family members of the victim to forget the traumatic experience and recover form the loss of a loved one. In fact there are cases that the relatives of the victim do not recover at all. This sort of closure is a great help for the recovery of the relatives. Life in prison is not enough punishment compare to death sentence which gives finality to the horrifying experience felt by the members of the family. à à à à à à à à à à à In death penalty, justice is better served. The primary principle of justice is that a crime deserves an equivalent punishment. Hence, when someone brutally murders another person, he deserves to be put into death. Just like what the code of Hammurabi have stated, an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth. à à à à à à à à à à à Implementation of death penalty prevents the crime from happening again. If criminals are not put into death, we are not assured that this kind of person would not do such crimes again. On the other hand, death penalty can execute all criminals but there are cases that implementation of death penalty may include execution of an innocent man. Do you mind an innocent individual will suffer from death? Implementation of death penalty is a good way of obtaining ââ¬Å"justiceâ⬠but can we call it justiceââ¬âkilling an innocent. Another argument against death penalty is that it is arbitrary and capricious. Implementation of death penalty often favours well-off individuals or people who have money. How about the poor ones? Only the rich are able to afford a highly competent lawyer, thus makes the process unfair. Those accused people who are struggling from poverty cannot pay good attorneys thus making their chances of being acquitted very little. See how unfair it was? Even appealing to court was not possible. There are even cases that convicted wealthy persons pay the judge with a very big amount of money in order to become free of death penalty. Death penalty is geographically contingent which that it depends on state to sate. Maybe for this place, death penalty is not implemented but on others it is strictly performed. Death penalty also is racist and classist in nature. Race really makes a big difference when it comes to the implementation of death execution. For an instance, a black murdered a white victim. The black will executed 4 times than any other races. Still racial discrimination is dominant. That becomes a big problem of implementation of death penalty. One cannot avoid looking at races. Everyone is created equally by a supreme being God; hence one must receive equal rights and equal opportunities. à à à à à à à à à à à Some will surely say that implementation of death penalty can reduce crimes because of the fear of death. That belief is not true. It is not true due to the fact that some people commit crimes when they are not on the good state of mind. How can they think of fear of death if they cannot think rationally? à à à à à à à à à à à We have presented both the pros and cons of death penalty. Death penalty is good in some ways but also awful in some other manner. Every human has different perspective regarding this social issue. Death penalty may be good for some but some would surely disagree with it. What is important is we respect everybodyââ¬â¢s opinion. Work Cited Gregory, David L. ââ¬Å"2000.Legal Arguments Against the Death Penalty. 2 April 2008 à à à à à à à à à http://www.vincenter.org/95/gregory.html. Messerli, Joe. ââ¬Å"November 11, 2007. Should the death penalty be banned as a form of punishment?â⬠. 2 April 2008 http://www.balancedpolitics.org/death_penalty.htm. Emmahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07720620534852515859noreply@blogger.com0